Luxury houses for sale Ferreiros e Gondizalves, Portugal (page 7)

Palace – Estela – Póvoa de VarzimPalace fully restored from the end of the 19th century.“Belle Époque” architecture, characterized by charm and luxury combined with the comfort and modernity achieved by the deep renovation. Characterized by smooth curved lines, high plastered ceilings and plenty of natural light.Type T5 property with 4 fronts, privacy guaranteed by the high walls and elevation of the main house.It is located 5 minutes from Golfe da Estela and the best beaches in the region. Quick access to the main roads and airport, 30 minutes.It develops on a plot of 1,182 m2 with a living area of ​​282.60 m2 plus annexes and a garage for at least 4 cars.General Features: Total Area: 1,182 m2; Implementation Area: 282 m2; Dependent Gross Area: 32 m2R/C – Kitchen: 22.03 m2; Hall: 58.56 m2; Room I: 9.55 m2; WC I: 5.5 m2; Office I: 26.83 m2; Hall I: 10.99 m2.1st Floor – Open space kitchen: 39.78 m2; Room: 17.45 m2; Room II: 8.74 m2; Room III: 8.76 m2; Room IV: 11.84 m2; Room I: 12.48 m2; Office II: 13.33 m2; WC II: 6.82 m2; Hall II: 5.60 m2; Corridors and circulation area: 22.58 m2.Attic with central right foot access stairs: 2.50 m2Garage plus outdoor kitchen: 80 m2Specific features: Wood burning central heating; Heat recover; Salamander; Heat pump; Electric boiler; Natural wood flooring; Windows oscillates pvc with double glazing; Lacquered kitchen furniture; Full kitchen. Excellent opportunity for own housing or for investment.A CASA DA PORTELA Imobiliária – It is a real estate brokerage company created in 2013. It has a solid knowledge accumulated since 1994 about the real estate market, remaining attentive to its trends and evolution.The company began by focusing on the Greater Porto region, achieving, from the beginning, a large volume of transactions. The success of the business model meant that the Casa da Portela real estate brand arrived in Vila Nova de Famalicão in 2022.Casa da Portela real estate intends to value the work of consultants and provide an excellent service to its clients, providing a service of quality and peace of mind, in order to do good business, guaranteeing the satisfaction of our clients and partners. To achieve this purpose, we have a multidisciplinary team of qualified professionals, with extensive experience in real estate mediation, which allows us to present and suggest the best alternatives for your sales, lease, or real estate investment objectives.We have a privileged network of contacts that allows us to enhance the dissemination, management and business realization of your property in various formats.3 fundamental pillars of Casa da Portela:MissionOur mission is to guide our exceptional goals (financial, human and social) in our organization and unite them with our no less exceptional customers, always meeting their needs, desires and expectations. Casa da Portela real estate was born to provide continuous monitoring and support, explanations and clarification of doubts about the entire purchase process,sale or lease of real estate in Portugal. The achievement of all this makes our ultimate ambition to be the best in the real estate market.VisionOur vision is to be the reference company in the real estate market, as well as to be recognized as the best option for our customers. For this, we always strive to maintain an innovative and leadership spirit that will lead us to recognition for our excellence in the market.ValuesOur values ​​are always the set of our attitudes and beliefs, which involve everyone in the organization, so that, in unison, we can achieve the results of excellence that we propose, whenever they are based on Quality, Professionalism, Responsibility, Respect and Innovation.

Property in Ofir, on Av. António Veiga, 500 m from the beach, with excellent location and views over the Cávado River.Consisting of 2 buildings, 1 rustic and 1 building, with a total area of ​​9,000m2, including housing on 4 fronts, on 2 floors.On the ground floor there are:Prohibited,common roomkitchen (fully equipped)a suite2 bedrooms2 WCLaundry, Garage for 2 cars. On the 1st floor,2 suites1 bedroom1 WCSmall technical basement The property has heating, barbecue, irrigation well, etc.MILLION GROUP arises from the union of synergies, complementarity and experience of its founders. Susana Ferreira, Armando Fonseca and Soraia Sousa begin their collaboration under the umbrella of an international brand and decide to create a new concept for the real estate sector.They felt the challenges with a more universal and flexible perspective in approaching the real estate market, and the creation of the MILLION GROUP brand responds to all needs. It was necessary to embody a new and differentiating philosophy and way of being in the market.Our valuesTRUST, PROXIMITY, MATURITY, UNIVERSALITY.TRUST – Earned internally and externally by the rigor and loyalty in the relationships we establish with our Consultants, Partners, Clients and Friends.PROXIMITY – A sincere relationship, with monitoring, support and permanent availability.MATURITY – A wealth of experience and knowledge in the real estate market.UNIVERSALITY – Based on a comprehensive presence in all market segments, professionalizing our consultants with a focus on customer satisfaction.What we doWe make dreams come trueA true emotional synthesis of what we do every day.We reconcile buyers and sellers, promote business and support yourconcretization.

Surrounded by green fields and the tranquility typical of an almost rural area, this magnificent property of about 7,500 m2 takes on the architectural beauty of the union of rustic and modern style! The entrance is through an exclusive street that has only one other property. From the imposing iron gate we can see a large plot of land that holds the union of the old stone house carefully restored and the single storey house with a modern design in the shape of an L. This element embraces the saltwater pool and a magnificent terrace. The main entrance of the house merges the two spaces. On the one hand, the rustic house includes a gym, a support kitchen, a full bathroom and a leisure space that can be transformed into a bedroom or living room and TV. The modern architecture house has 4 bedrooms, all en-suite overlooking the pool and garden. It also has a large and bright living room with windows all around, kitchen and laundry. The care and rigor used in the elements of the interior of the property can be seen in the choice of noble materials such as travertine, the old riga on the floor of the house, in the cortizo-shaped windows, in the lacquered furniture of simple lines in light tones that merge with the sober lines of the entire house. The construction of a bunker under the house with fans with the function of avoiding humidity is a guarantee that everything has been thought out in detail. The property also has solar panels for water heating throughout the house. This property also offers a football field, an orchard with about 100 fruit trees, a vegetable garden, two annexes and a garage with capacity for 3 cars.Located 5 minutes from the center of Vila do Conde, this property provides the fusion of the tranquility of the rural world with the proximity to the city and the sea. This project, designed by the architect Vitor Vitorino, is close to the main access roads to the motorway to Vila do Conde, Viana do Castelo, Braga and Porto. It is located 15 minutes from Sá Carneiro airport, less than 10 minutes from the beach and 20 minutes from golf. It is also important to mention the proximity to one of the most prestigious private health units in the north.

The property very elegantly combines the traditional style of the houses in the region with contemporary architectural features. The villa itself has a very intuitive layout Social area with living room and dining room with fireplace, fully equipped kitchen and access to the threshing floor with outdoor dining area. This area features a barbecue and wood oven, as well as a social bathroom. On the same floor, we have a heated indoor pool with a large outdoor leisure area (threshing floor) and an indoor deck. The garage is quite large and also has extensive outdoor parking. The extensive cellar area opens onto a generous, manicured garden. On the top floor, we have the most intimate area with four suites that benefit from access to a balcony with deck flooring and the superior gardens. The 3 acres make it fairly easy to find the ideal space for building an outdoor pool with breathtaking countryside views. It has a large variety of fruit trees, and a vineyard which is inactive at the moment. The location of the farm is about 26 km from Viana do Castelo, 50 minutes from Porto, and no more than 90 km from Spain. The energy rating is A. A property that is worth a visit for those who favor seclusion and nature with all the comforts of modern life.

Located in the parish of Poiares, this magnificent hotel represents a unique opportunity for those seeking an investment of excellence. With a total of 8 stunning rooms, each equipped with a balcony, and also featuring 2 duplex T1 apartments and one duplex apartment with 3 bedrooms, all with independent entrances. With a land area of over 5131 square meters, this hotel offers a unique atmosphere where comfort and tranquility meet in perfect harmony. Moreover, the presence of extensive landscaped outdoor areas with a swimming pool, playground, and outdoor gym provides moments of relaxation in the open air, complementing the sophisticated and family-friendly atmosphere of this space. This property offers all the necessary amenities to ensure a memorable stay for its guests. It also features a meeting room, a sophisticated bar, a spacious dining room, an indoor gym, and a spa, promising an unforgettable experience. As for the location, it is situated in an area that prioritizes the privacy and tranquility of guests. Less than a 20-minute drive from the center of Ponte de Lima, close to various services and main access roads, ensuring excellent accessibility for its visitors

Property with Restaurant License and License for Tourist Accommodation Large property consisting of several buildings, located just 3 kilo meters from the historic centre of Ponte de Lima. The main house in granite 378m2, with a classic and elegant architecture. The former Sanatorium is converted in a beautiful living house with its high ceilings, tall windows and doors. Offering a large living space with lots of sunlight entering, a view on the surrounding garden and the great landscape in the background. On the land of 1.2 Ha is also built a building with air-conditioning of 690m2 which has a License of Restoration allowing to make receptions for up to 250 guests. It can also house a great collection, for example classic cars or motor cycles. In front of this building is a very large porch which can accommodate an outdoor reception as well as giving yoga lessons or other sports disciplines. The garden is extremely neat and well maintained, consisting of several parts of different styles and sunshine. A large granite water tank in the olive garden. A pretty swimming pool in the south garden. There is also a large orchard, a building with a chicken run, a horse stable and storage for garden machines, as well as a small lake around which one can imagine setting up a few bungalows. The house has two natural springs in the hills, supplying an abundance of fresh water to the property. Enough to fill the pretty swimming pool more times over per day. Main house in bright granite with 6 bedrooms, 4 of which are ensuite. Direct access to the garden on the entire floor of the ground floor. Ground floor - Large kitchen - Dining room - Double Living Room - 3 rooms - 2 full bathrooms - 1 service toilet 1st Floor: - Wide landing - 3 ensuite bedrooms, each with its own balcony. Cellar: - Large storage rooms. Building in a row for the receptions: - Engine room - Laundry room- Storage room - Fridge/Freezer room - Fully equipped kitchen. - Reception room with stage for an orchestra / performance etc. - Storage room - Several spaces with toilets and even showers, some for staff, others for customers. Kitchen equipment as well as crockery and reception furniture are included in the sale price. Location - 3kms from the centre of Ponte de Lima - 25 minutes from the sea - 25mn from the Centre of Viana de Castelo - 55mn from Porto airport - 1H from the centre of Porto This property is sold with its Licenses. It also has a small lake which needs some finishing work. 2 electric gates provide access around the main house. There is another gate which allows access to another part of the garden which is connected to a large car parking (this land does not belong to the property). The property has a large diesel-powered generator for complete independence from the net if desired, a garden watering system, central heating on oil (heater to be replaced), a connection to the public water and sewer, natural mountain water, double glazed windows in the main house. For more information, do not hesitate to contact me: Sibylle Cheneau-Guidez + 351 934 001 874 [email protected]

Detached house, for sale, in the coastal area of the North, just a few meters from the beach and the village center of Apúlia, in Esposende.With classic design, noble and quality materials, allows you to enjoy a large garden, with several corners of rest and pleasure only, together with a series of equipment that allow a unique experience, at all times of the year.Property with several amenities including: outdoor pool, heated indoor pool, sauna, Turkish bath and tennis court, as well as a solarium with access to a terrace.With large living and circulation areas, all with plenty of light provided by the high windows and garden view from almost every room of the property.Equipped with air conditioning, central heating, fireplace, equipped kitchen, laundry room, two closed garages, fish pond at the entrance and an extensive outdoor area that surrounds the villa.Located near all kinds of services and the beach, and with easy access to the main roads connecting the North, to Porto or Braga or Viana do Castelo.CHARACTERISTICS: Plot Area: 3 182 m2 34 251 sq ft Useful area: 788 m2 8 477 sq ft Building Area: 788 m2 8 477 sq ft Bedrooms: 5 Bathrooms: 8 Garage: 6 Energy efficiency: C FEATURES: 5 Bedroom VillaOutdoor Swimming PoolHeated Indoor Swimming PoolSaunaTurkish BathTennis CourtSolariumAir ConditioningCentral HeatingLakeInternationally awarded, LUXIMOS Christie's presents more than 1,200 properties for sale in Portugal, offering an excellent service in real estate brokerage. LUXIMOS Christie's is the exclusive affiliate of Christie´s International Real Estate (1350 offices in 46 countries) for the Algarve, Porto and North of Portugal, and provides its services to homeowners who are selling their properties, and to national and international buyers, who wish to buy real estate in Portugal. Our selection includes modern and contemporary properties, near the sea or by theriver, in Foz do Douro, in Porto, Boavista, Matosinhos, Vilamoura, Tavira, Ria Formosa, Lagos, Almancil, Vale do Lobo, Quinta do Lago, near the golf courses or the marina. LIc AMI 9063

Detached House - In Pinhal de Ofir, between the sea and river, 300 meters from the beach next to the marginal of Ofir, being served by excellent accesses, a villa with simplicity adjusted to the intended purpose, with stove room, with terraces and patio propitious use ofleisure with garden and trees, has about 3875 m2, of land area, and the Pine Forestof Ofir is a protected area, in order to preserve the characteristics of Pinhal.Renovated villa, has heating with natural gas boiler with radiators distributed by the main compartments of the house. Terraces in all rooms and views of the Cávado River. It has garage and storage with direct access to the villa. Contact us All information including prices is subject to change without notice.

Farm emblazoned wIth 28760,33 m2 In Lamoso, Pacos de FerreIra. Property composed In Its entIrety of 4 matrIx artIcles: - Urban artIcle wIth total land area of 978.33 m2, wIth stone house for restoratIon. - 3 rustIc artIcles wIth total land area of 27872 m2. PossIbIlIty of buIldIng houses. It Is located: - 15 mInutes from the center of Pacos de FerreIra; - 40 mInutes from the center of Porto; - 15 mInutes from the center of Lousada. Reference: ASG23056 As credIt IntermedIarIes duly authorIsed by Banco de Portugal (Reg. 2736) we manage your entIre fInancIng process, always wIth the best market solutIons. Why choose AS ImobIlIárIa WIth more than 14 years In the real estate busIness and thousands of happy famIlIes, we have 8 strategIcally located agencIes to serve you closely, meet your expectatIons and help you acquIre your dream home. CommItment, Competence and Trust are our values that we delIver to our ClIents when buyIng, rentIng or sellIng theIr property. Our prIorIty Is your HappIness! Real estate specIalIsts In VIzela ; GuImaraes ; TaIpas ; FelgueIras ; Lousada ; SaInt TIrso ; Barcelos ; St. John of Wood; Harbor; LIsbon

Excellent villa located in a gated community in Fão, Esposende, just 400 meters from the famous Ofir Beach, known for its fine golden sand. This incredible villa has three bedrooms, one of which is a suite, plus two bathrooms supporting the bedrooms and social area. It features a living and dining room, with an open-space kitchen with a wonderful balcony where you can have meals and enjoy the sound of the sea waves. At the bottom of the house, there is a very spacious living room serving as a cinema room and relaxation area simultaneously. The house is located in a pine forest, in a large green area and gardens of 2.5 hectares where nature and silence prevail. It is a highly frequented area with all amenities nearby. Inserted in a protected ecological area (fauna and flora), surrounded by maritime pine trees and other large trees, a privileged place to observe squirrels and all kinds of birds, next to the boardwalks of the mouth of the Cávado River and 5 km from the golf courses of Quinta da Barca and Estela Golf Club. In the city of Esposende, you can enjoy complete privacy and also the famous indoor pool with heated water waves, as well as all kinds of shops, services, schools, excellent restaurants, Padel courts, Surf schools, etc. The condominium has a common outdoor pool for the existing villas in this luxurious condominium. It has a concierge. Near the airport. From the villa to the Hotel Ofir is a 5-minute walk. The villa is very well located, an excellent investment.

Stunning five-bedroom villa set on a 5304-square-meter plot by the sea, right next to Fão beach. This two-story villa has a built-up area of 419 square meters, and the indoor pool opening onto the outdoor area is the heart of the property. The main floor consists of a spacious kitchen, a living/dining room, two suites, and two bedrooms next to a full bathroom. All these rooms offer direct access to the pool. The lower floor comprises a games room (where you will feel as if you were in a ship, because of the circular tin-plated windows overlooking the bottom of the pool), a music room, a bathroom, a pantry, a wine cellar, and a four-car garage. The outdoor area features a huge garden with an extensive pond with ducks, a barbecue area with a pergola and a garden table, and a prefabricated wooden house with a full kitchen and a dining room. At the edge of the property there is a gate with direct access to the beach. Easy road access, just 45 minutes away from Porto, close to shops, schools, and amenities.

Magnificent villa right next to Ofir Beach, surrounded by pine groves and dune vegetation, with direct access to the beach. This modern, fully refurbished villa comprises four bedrooms, two of which en suite, as well as a living room opening onto the garden and the patio. Excellent location, close to several amenities, shops, and the beach. Just 29 minutes away from Porto Airport.

THE DREAM VILLA IS ALREADY A REALITY! LUXURY 5 BEDROOM VILLA IN OFIR/APULIA-ESPOSENDE! HOUSE WITH POSSIBILITY OF BEING TRANSFORMED INTO T3 The villas are composed of 2 floors, basement and Rc. The basement has 245m2 and the rc has 185m2 useful. The total construction area is 649m2. The grounds of the villas have 1800m2 and 1600m2. Materials of the customer's choice, with no price limit, through suppliers indicated by the builder! Several furniture built directly into the villa! Allotment consisting of 3 villas, being at this moment for sale, only two! The construction is well advanced, but it is still possible to choose the interiors and their customization, such as: Marbles, woods, kitchen, floors and bathrooms! The exterior of them is already well advanced! The pool liner can still be chosen. The villas have OUTDOOR FIREPLACE OR JACUZZI, SWIMMING POOL, PLAYGROUND AND EVEN AN ELEVATED OUTDOOR TERRACE, TO ADMIRE THE SEA, WITH A STUNNING GARDEN! Don't fight the urge, come visit! Completion deadline: December 2023

4 bedroom vIlla wIth InfInIty pool and rIver vIew In Ger&ecIrc;s Located In Louredo, VIeIra do MInho. WIth 300 m2 of gross constructIon area, the house has: FLOOR: - Entrance hall; - LIvIng room and kItchen equIpped wIth Island In Open Space; - Pantry/laundry; - ServIce toIlet; e - 3 suItes wIth buIlt-In wardrobes, all wIth balcony. GROUND FLOOR:br /> - LIvIng room and kItchen In Open Space; - SuIte; - 2 toIlets that work as a support to the pool. The large wIndows throughout the house allow you to vIew the garden and the magnIfIcent vIews over the Serra and the Cávado RIver, where you can enjoy the fantastIc InfInIty pool. Each of the floors of the house can be used Independently of the other. Other characterIstIcs: - Thermal double glazIng; - ElectrIc blInds; - MultIlayer Oak FloorIng; - IndIrect lIght crown moldIng; - LIghtIng In buIlt-In LED spotlIghts; - KItchen equIpped wIth BOSCH applIances; - BuIlt-In wardrobes; - Balcony; - Laundry; - Full central vacuum; - AIr condItIonIng; - Heat pump 300l; - Borehole well; - AutomatIc IrrIgatIon; - Alarm and surveIllance cameras; Reference: ASBC22063 LocatIon: - Next to the Peneda-Ger&ecIrc;s NatIonal Park; - 15 mInutes from the center of VIeIra do MInho; As we are credIt IntermedIarIes duly authorIsed by Banco de Portugal (Reg. 2736), we manage your entIre fInancIng process, always wIth the best solutIons on the market. Why choose AS ImobIlIárIa WIth more than 14 years In the real estate busIness and thousands of happy famIlIes, we have 8 strategIcally located agencIes to serve you closely, meet your expectatIons and help you acquIre your dream home. CommItment, Competence and Trust are our values that we delIver to our ClIents when buyIng, rentIng or sellIng theIr property. Our prIorIty Is your HappIness! Real Estate SpecIalIsts In VIzela ; GuImar&atIlde;es ; Rammed earth ; FelgueIras ; Slate ; Santo TIrso ; Barcelos ; S. Jo&atIlde;o da MadeIra ; Harbor; LIsbon; Braga

Marvel at this excellent six-bedroom villa, located on Avenida Esposende, with a magnificent view over the mouth of the River Cávado, the sea and the beach. It has six bedrooms (five of which are suites), fully equipped kitchen, laundry, six bathrooms, lounge, dining room, living room, fireplace with stove, electric shutters, underfloor heating and indirect lighting with crown moldings built-in, balconies on the 1st floor, large garden and sauna. It also has a games room and garage for three cars. Be enchanted by this magnificent opportunity and book your visit now!

Marvel at this excellent house of typology T6, located on the marginal avenue of Esposende, with a magnificent view to the mouth of the Cávado River, sea and beach. This has six bedrooms (of which five are suites) fully equipped kitchen, laundry, six bathrooms, lounge, dining room, living room, fireplace with stove, electric blinds, underfloor heating and indirect lighting with inlay hips, balconies on the 1st floor, large garden and sauna. It also has a games room and a garage for three cars. Be enchanted by this magnificent opportunity and book your visit now!

LUXURY, Individual villa, in full MARGINAL in ESPOSENDE.- Construction area: 808 m²- Land area: 910 m²- 5 SUITES- Garage for 4 cars- Vast area of GARDEN- 6 bathrooms- 2 Kitchens- 2 Rooms–Office–FIREPLACE- Heat recovery-SAUNA- Central heating- UNDERFLOOR- Electric blinds–Alarm– Video surveillance system- Ambient sound- Terrace with SEA VIEW and RIVER VIEWLocated in one of the most privileged areas of Esposende, with absolute privacy, good access and close to all the service, commerce and leisure spaces that ESPOSENDE has to offer!Come AND SEE THE VILLA OF YOUR DREAMS!

Fabulous luxury villa in full marginal of the river.This real estate property, for sale, benefits from quality materials and exceptional areas, with panoramic river views.Great accessibility. Only 35 minutes from Porto.CHARACTERISTICS: Plot Area: 943 m2 10 150 sq ft Useful area: 803 m2 8 639 sq ft Building Area: 803 m2 8 639 sq ft Bedrooms: 6 Bathrooms: 8 Garage: 8 Energy efficiency: A Internationally awarded, LUXIMOS Christie's presents more than 1,200 properties for sale in Portugal, offering an excellent service in real estate brokerage. LUXIMOS Christie's is the exclusive affiliate of Christie´s International Real Estate (1350 offices in 46 countries) for the Algarve, Porto and North of Portugal, and provides its services to homeowners who are selling their properties, and to national and international buyers, who wish to buy real estate in Portugal. Our selection includes modern and contemporary properties, near the sea or by theriver, in Foz do Douro, in Porto, Boavista, Matosinhos, Vilamoura, Tavira, Ria Formosa, Lagos, Almancil, Vale do Lobo, Quinta do Lago, near the golf courses or the marina. LIc AMI 9063

Luxuryvilla , for sale, in the exclusive area of Ofir, in Esposende .With generous interior areas and illuminated by large glazed windows that give a unique luminosity to the house, it also enjoys noble finishes and a layout that favors access to the outside. Consisting of 2 floors, the villa has 4 bedrooms, 2 of them ensuite, two living rooms, kitchen, laundry room and on the underground floor a large garage for 4 cars.This villa is further complemented by the beautiful garden, leisure area and swimming pool .Inserted in a quiet area, is 8 minutes from the center of Esposende, 1 minute  from the beach of Ofir and 30 minutes from Porto.CHARACTERISTICS: Plot Area: 1 874 m2 20 172 sq ft Useful area: 281 m2 3 026 sq ft Building Area: 281 m2 3 026 sq ft Bedrooms: 4 Bathrooms: 4 Garage: 4 Energy efficiency: A+ FEATURES: 4 Bedroom VillaGardenPoolInternationally awarded, LUXIMOS Christie's presents more than 1,200 properties for sale in Portugal, offering an excellent service in real estate brokerage. LUXIMOS Christie's is the exclusive affiliate of Christie´s International Real Estate (1350 offices in 46 countries) for the Algarve, Porto and North of Portugal, and provides its services to homeowners who are selling their properties, and to national and international buyers, who wish to buy real estate in Portugal. Our selection includes modern and contemporary properties, near the sea or by theriver, in Foz do Douro, in Porto, Boavista, Matosinhos, Vilamoura, Tavira, Ria Formosa, Lagos, Almancil, Vale do Lobo, Quinta do Lago, near the golf courses or the marina. LIc AMI 9063

Magnificent 4 bedroom villa in Ofir, Esposende.This unique villa located in a prime area has 4 bedrooms (2 of which are suites), living room with plenty of natural light and overlooking the pool and garden, equipped kitchen and laundry and garage for 4 cars and storage area.The modern features of the architecture are surrounded by a garden area with a swimming pool and barbecue.Just 1 minute from Ofir beach with excellent access in an area with a very quiet environment and excellent sun exposure.