luxury house for rent Jouy-en-Josas, France

AI Photo - Real photos of the house available on requestVersailles Rive Droite, 5 minutes from the L train line, in a particularly calm and sought-after environment, in the heart of the city, the property was renovated in 2025 by an architect. This remarkable family home offers 700 m2 of living space, including 300 m2 of fully fitted basement, set on a magnificent plot of 800 m2. The house features vast reception areas with a TV lounge, a dining area offering a view and access to the garden, and a splendid fully equipped Gaggenau kitchen. An elegant master suite with a dressing room, a bathroom including a bathtub, a hammam, a toilet, and an adjacent office/nursery. Four other spacious suites, each with its own shower room and toilet. A staff studio completes this rare property. The finished basement serves as a true additional living space with a very large indoor parking area, a large wine cellar, a laundry room, a bar area, as well as numerous storage and leisure spaces. The high-end amenities, exceptional volumes, and the quality of the location make this residence a unique address for a family seeking comfort, discretion, and immediate proximity to the amenities of downtown Versailles. A rare rental property, combining elegance, remarkable volumes, and an exceptional location in the heart of Versailles. Air-conditioned ground floor Monthly rent: 17,000 EUR + charges including internet and TV access Lease subject to the Civil Code Agency fees 12% of the annual rent excluding taxThis description has been automatically translated from French.

Located in a sought-after neighborhood of the Left Bank, quiet yet close to the train station, downtown, and schools, this elegant furnished architect-designed house will charm you with its features and spaciousness. You will discover an entrance leading to a vast living area with an open, fitted kitchen. On the first floor, a beautiful master suite with a bathroom and an office. On the garden level, 2 bedrooms, a shower room, and access to a pleasant terrace and garden. (Shops: 4min, Sèvres Rive Gauche: 8min, schools: 7min)This description has been automatically translated from French.

The De Havilland Real Estate Agency presents to you: A large and beautiful recently renovated "meulière" (stone house) that respects its original charm: woodwork, cornices, stained glass windows, and a superb oak staircase. The house has just been repainted and the windows have been replaced. Very nice wooded land of about 950 m² adjoining the Saint-Cloud Park. On the raised ground floor: a spacious and charming entrance, double reception with a beautiful height under the ceiling and magnificent parquet flooring, fitted kitchen opening directly onto a large terrace, and an office with a view of the garden. On the first floor: three bedrooms, including two very spacious ones, a bathroom, and a shower room. On the second floor: a bedroom, a bathroom, and a very large master suite opening onto a south-facing balcony and extended by a storage area and a shower room. On the third floor: a playroom with a ceiling height of 3 meters. Total basement including cellar, boiler room, and laundry room. A garden maintenance contract with a professional is required in addition to the rent. In the heart of an ultra-residential area, this house overflows with charm and favors large family spaces. Unobstructed views of great beauty over the Saint-Cloud Park and the Forest of Meudon. Sèvres/Ville d'Avray train station nearby. Convenient location for ASP and DSP.This description has been automatically translated from French.

Ideally located in the heart of Ville-d'Avray, just steps away from shops, schools, public transport, and the best zoning in the area, this magnificent detached family house of approximately 175 m² will immediately charm you with its elegance, spaciousness, and exceptional quality of life.Fully furnished and tastefully decorated, this house offers a rare living environment that combines elegance, comfort, and a family spirit.As you enter, you will discover a superb reception area of about 100 m² filled with light, organized around a large veranda opening onto the garden. The friendly kitchen integrates seamlessly with the dining room, a cozy reading space with a library, and a magnificent living room with a fireplace.A second, more intimate living room accommodates a music area as well as a workspace ideal for remote working.The house has four bedrooms, perfectly distributed for comfortable family living:- A superb master suite occupying the second floor,- Three children’s bedrooms on the first floor,- A bathroom with a bathtub,- And an independent laundry room.A small cellar completes the property with two electric wine cellars allowing for optimal conservation.Outside, the landscaped garden of approximately 200 m² serves as a true haven of peace. You will enjoy a large lawn, a pleasant terrace nestled at the back of the garden under the trees, and two sheds, one of which is set up as a workout space with an elliptical machine.A parking space located at 5 rue Balzac completes this property.Additional features:- House rented fully furnished,- Careful decoration and warm features,- Renovation completed in 2025,- Ground floor painting recently redone,- Fireplace,- Sought-after residential environment,- Exceptional location in immediate proximity to amenities.Available from mid-July.Rent: €5,000 / month.A rare gem on the rental market of Ville-d'Avray.This description has been automatically translated from French.

The De Havilland Real Estate Agency presents to you: Charming and lovely furnished house, in the heart of a residential and green environment near Vaucresson train station. On the ground floor: beautiful double living room opening onto terrace and garden, recent equipped open kitchen, office, shower room with neutral decor and in excellent condition. On the first floor: four bedrooms, bathroom (+ shower). In the basement, small TV lounge and storage. Easy access to international schools.RENT CC = Charges included. Fees: Visit, file creation, lease drafting and entry inventory for: A principal residence rental (ALUR law): 11, 13 or 15 €/m² depending on municipalities. A rental for a secondary residence, or employee housing: 1 month's rent including tax. Deposit: Furnished: 2 months without charges. Unfurnished: 1 month without charges.This description has been automatically translated from French.

The De Havilland Real Estate Agency presents: Charming house recently fully renovated. Living room under veranda, equipped kitchen open to the dining room, master suite on the ground floor, shower room (Italian style), laundry room. Two children's bedrooms upstairs with a perfectly maintained bathroom. Garden shed converted into an office. Quiet and very residential environment for this lovely house with modern amenities.Fees: Visit, file preparation, lease drafting, and inventory for: A rental in primary residence (ALUR law): 13 or 15 €/m² depending on municipalities. A rental in secondary residence or accommodation for employees: 1 month rent including VAT. Security deposit: Furnished: 2 months excluding utilities. Unfurnished: 1 month excluding utilities.This description has been automatically translated from French.

Ideal for EIB, ASP or German School, on the Théry Division in a small quiet residential street, very nice house from 1949, completely renovated with 130 m2 of living space (200 m2 in total) featuring a beautiful garden consisting of: an entrance, a living room with fireplace, a dining room, an equipped kitchen, a dressing room, and a separate toilet. On the first floor, there are three bedrooms, a bathroom, and a shower room. On the second floor, there is a bedroom/a study area. On the garden level, there is an office space and a TV lounge, a well-equipped laundry room, and a boiler room. A rare and quality property! Fiber.

Located on Rue d’Amblainvilliers in Verrières-le-Buisson, this magnificent 6-room furnished house offers quality features as well as an ideal layout for a family. The entrance with an integrated wardrobe leads to a spacious living room entirely furnished with a dining table, sofa, and television. Very bright, this living space opens onto a large terrace. The house also includes an open kitchen, fitted and fully equipped, a separate toilet, and a bedroom that can serve as an office, also equipped with an integrated wardrobe. Upstairs, three bedrooms make up the sleeping area, one of which has its own private shower room. A bathroom and a second separate toilet complete this level. On the garden level, a nice master suite with a dressing room and shower room has direct access to a furnished terrace. The house also has a garage and a pleasant garden. Cosy Home Comfort rating 4 sofa.This description has been automatically translated from French.

Located in the sought-after and historic Bouviers district of Guyancourt, this contemporary house of 160 m² on a 250 m² plot combines generous volumes, natural light, and modern comfort. Nestled close to the Bièvre Valley, the Versailles forest, and the La Minière ponds, it offers a peaceful and verdant living environment while benefiting from excellent transport links: RER C, trains on lines N and U, and the future Line 18 of the metro. Shops and services in the town center are easily accessible, adding to the appeal of this family-friendly and secure area. The ground floor opens onto an entrance with guest toilets, leading to a bright double living room, extended by a dining area and a fully fitted and equipped open kitchen. This 70 m² convivial living space opens onto a south-facing garden, ideal for enjoying sunny days. A bedroom with a private shower room completes this level. Upstairs, a landing provides space for a home office or relaxation area, while the master suite features a dressing room and private shower room. Two children’s bedrooms—one facing the garden, the other facing the street—along with a bathroom and separate toilets complete the sleeping area. This house, in perfect condition and tastefully decorated, benefits from underfloor heating on the ground floor and electric heating upstairs for optimal comfort. A garage and the possibility to park a car in front of the house add to its functionality. AVAILABLE FROM THE BEGINNING OF JULY Fees under the ALUR law: €12 including VAT per m² and €3 including VAT per m² for the inventory of fixtures. In the case of a civil law lease (company accommodation or secondary residence), fees are the tenant’s responsibility at 12% including VAT of the annual rent excluding charges.

EXCEPTIONAL VIEW ON PARIS WITHOUT VIS-A- VIS ABSOLUTE CALM EXCEPTIONAL LOCATION! EIFFEL TOWER, MONTMARTRE! On the heights of Clamart at the foot of a wood, superb family villa completely restored, surrounded by a park of 1200m2 planted with centenary trees classified, fir trees, pines, conifers various, lawn, a terrace of 60m2 on one level with the living room overlooking the whole, no vis à vis, absolute calm. The villa is on 2 levels plus a ground garden. gas heating. Air conditioning, new roof with thermal insulation ACTIS series triso 12 AR 7.2KW/M² DPE LETTER "D" +33.6.07.43.81.80 VUE EXCEPTIONNELLE SUR PARIS SANS VIS A VIS AU CALME ABSOLU EMPLACEMENT EXCEPTIONNEL! VUE TOUR EIFFEL, MONTMARTRE ! Sur les hauteurs de Clamart au pied d'un bois, superbe villa familiale entièrement restaurée, entourée d'un parc de 1200m² planté d'arbres centenaires classés, de sapins, de pins, de conifères divers, pelouse, d'une terrasse de 60m² de plain pied avec le séjour surplombant le tout, aucun vis à vis, calme absolu. La villa se développe sur 2 niveaux plus un rez-de-jardin. chauffage au gaz. Climatisation, toiture neuve avec isolant thermique ACTIS série triso 12 AR 7.2KW/M² DPE LETTRE "D" (climatisation, porche automatique, interphonie, chaudière) +33.6.07.43.81.80

Located in a sought-after residential neighbourhood in Garches, close to the American School of Paris and the International German School of Paris. Garches train station (Line L, Paris Saint-Lazare / Saint-Nom-la-Bretêche, with connections at Saint-Cloud for Versailles Rive Droite and at La Défense) provides a direct link to Paris. A stunning architect-designed house built in 2005, spanning 245 sqm across three levels. The entrance is on the upper floor, which overlooks the living space: it features four bedrooms, one with an en-suite bathroom and a balcony overlooking the garden, a full shower room (bathtub and shower), and a separate WC. An elegant staircase leads down to the garden level, which forms the true heart of the home: a bright double reception room opening onto the garden (south-west facing) through floor-to-ceiling glass doors, a TV lounge, a fully fitted and equipped kitchen, a pantry, a bar area, and a master suite with a full en-suite shower room (corner bathtub and shower). The fully converted basement features a versatile room (gym or playroom), a utility/laundry area, a wine cellar, and a storage area. A double garage with an electric vehicle charging point completes the property. Underfloor heating and gas-fired hot water throughout. Service charges cover the maintenance of the gate, boiler, and sump pumps, as well as roof cleaning. AVAILABLE IMMEDIATELY Agency fees (loi ALUR): €12 inc. VAT/sqm, plus €3 inc. VAT/sqm for the inventory of fixtures. For leases governed by the Code civil (company let or secondary residence), agency fees are payable by the tenant at 12% inc. VAT of the annual rent excluding charges.

VAUCRESSON - ON THE OUTSKIRTS OF GARCHES - This house, built in the 1970s, measures 286.88 m² and sits on a 740 m² plot. It comprises: - Ground floor: an entrance hall leading to a dining-bar area and a separate fitted and equipped kitchen with access to the conservatory, a living room with a fireplace, and a formal dining room opening onto the terrace and garden. The entrance hall also leads to a spacious master bedroom with its own dressing room and en-suite bathroom, as well as a separate toilet with a guest dressing room. One staircase leads to the first floor, another to the basement. - First floor: a long corridor leads to four bedrooms, one of which has an en-suite bathroom, a bathroom and a shower room, as well as a mezzanine overlooking the living room - In the basement: a full basement comprising a family room with a pool table, a home cinema, a utility room, a plant room, ample storage space, a boiler room and a utility room An outdoor parking space completes this property Heating and hot water are provided by an individual oil-fired system (recent condensing boiler). Garden and boiler maintenance contracts included. Availability: IMMEDIATE Rent: €5,275/month (garden, guttering and boiler maintenance included) Security deposit: €5,000(equivalent to 2 months’ initial rent) Agency fees under the 1989 Act: €15 incl. VAT per m², of which €3 incl. VAT per m² is for the inventory of fixtures, totalling: €4,303.20 incl. VAT (including the move-in inventory – €3 per m² including VAT, i.e. €860.64including VAT) Fees under the Civil Code: 10% of the annual rent excluding service charges + VAT (20%), i.e. €7,200 including VAT (including the move-in inventory – €3 per m² including VAT, i.e. €860.64 including VAT) Montant estimé des dépenses annuelles d'énergie pour un usage standard, établi à partir des prix de l'énergie de l'année 2021 : 5610€ ~ 7600€ - Les informations sur les risques auxquels ce bien est exposé sont disponibles sur le site Géorisques : www.georisques.gouv.fr

This early 20th century property hidden from view in a leafy 610 sqm plot is located near the shops and the schools. Last renovated in 2023 and tastefully decorated and furnished, it offers about 170 sqm of living space including an entrance hall with a cloakroom, a spacious living/reception room with a fireplace, a dining room bathed in sunshine and overlooking the garden, a fully fitted and equipped kitchen with a dining area, a storage room, a study and a recreation room. The first floor comprises a suite with a bathroom, a shower room and a wc opening onto a 27 sqm terrace, and two further bedrooms, a possible study, and a bath/shower room with a wc are on the top floor. On a fitted basement with a utility room, a wine cellar, a recreation room and a spare bedroom or possible home cinema. With a garage and a workshop. Garden maintenance is not included in the rental. Available from July 15th 2026. For a rental under the conditions of the code Civil, fees of 12% of the tax inclusive charges exclusive annual rental + 3€/sqm for the inventory and statement of state and repair shall be applicable.

Within the Division Thery area, charming furnished millstone house offering 240 sqm of floor space, dating from 1900, with a beautiful landscaped and tree-filled garden (gardener contract at the tenant’s expense). Absolute peace and quiet. The entrance leads to a lovely kitchen/dining room opening onto a terrace, a living room with fireplace, an artist’s studio opening onto another terrace, a bedroom with shower room, and a guest WC. On the first floor: three bedrooms, a small bedroom or office, a new bathroom, and a separate WC. On the top floor: parental space including one bedroom, a bathroom with shower, a separate WC, and a large dressing room. In the basement: cloakroom, a laundry/boiler room, and a sauna with shower. Two garden sheds complete this property. Heating and hot water are individual gas systems. Availability: July 15, 2026 Rent: €6.500 per month (charges included, excluding electricity, gas and water) Security deposit: €12,280 (equivalent to two months’ rent excluding charges) Primary residence lease (Alur law): €12/sqm incl. VAT + €3/sqm incl. VAT for inventory, totaling: €3,092.85 incl. VAT (including €618.57 incl. VAT for inventory) Civil code lease: 10% of annual rent excl. charges + VAT, totaling: €8,841.60 incl. VAT (including €618.57 incl. VAT for inventory) Virtual tour and/or 360° visit available with a BARNES consultant. Montant estimé des dépenses annuelles d'énergie pour un usage standard : 2780€ ~ 3820€

Experience luxury living in this spectacular 463 m² house located in the prestigious area of Saint-Cloud. This magnificent furnished residence boasts 6 spacious bedrooms and 12 elegant rooms, ideally designed for both family comfort and sophisticated entertaining. The living spaces are highlighted by a beautiful fireplace, state-of-the-art home automation systems, double glazing, and premium finishes throughout. Enjoy ultimate relaxation and recreation in the private outdoor areas, featuring a large swimming pool, spa, fitness zone, and a children’s playground set within beautifully landscaped gardens. The property also offers a dedicated carport, electric car terminal, an irrigation sprinkler system for lush greenery, and a high-tech security setup including an alarm, videophone, intercom, electric gate, and reinforced security door. This exquisite home is further enhanced by ultra-fast optical fiber connectivity, keeping you seamlessly connected, and offers unique amenities such as a charming vegetable garden. Perfect for families seeking tranquility, modern conveniences, and exquisite outdoor enjoyment just minutes from Paris.

La Feuillaume - Beautiful Art Deco house, fully renovated, set on a 1,128 m² garden, rented unfurnished. Lots of charm, spacious rooms. A quiet and bright home. On the garden level: an entryway, two bedrooms (one with an en-suite bathroom), a shower room, a separate toilet, a game room, and a garage. On the first floor: a living room, a dining room opening onto a fitted kitchen, three bedrooms, one with access to a balcony, a bathroom with a toilet, a shower room, and several terraces/balconies. Individual gas heating and hot water. A garage completes this property. Service fees (garden maintenance, gutters, and boiler): €400/month Rent: €5,990.00 per month, including utilities Security deposit: €5,590.00 (1 month’s rent excluding utilities) Fees for primary residence lease (ALUR Law): €13 incl. tax/m², including €3 incl. tax/m² for the move-in inspection, totaling: €3,250.00 incl. tax Fees for a second home lease or corporate lease (Civil Code): 10% of annual rent excluding utilities + VAT (20%), totaling: €8,049.60 incl. VAT VIRTUAL TOUR AND/OR 360° VIEW AVAILABLE WITH A BARNES CONSULTANT Montant estimé des dépenses annuelles d'énergie pour un usage standard, établi à partir des prix de l'énergie de l'année 2021 : 4250€ ~ 5760€ - Les informations sur les risques auxquels ce bien est exposé sont disponibles sur le site Géorisques : www.georisques.gouv.fr

De Havilland Real Estate agency presents : Perfectly located, close to train station, shops and international schools (ASP and DSP), family house offering excellent space. Ground floor : huge entrance, wide and bright reception (with fireplace) overlooking the garden, equipped kitchen with dinning area, office, room including shower cabin and kitchenette. First floor : large landing, three children’s bedrooms, parental bedroom with terrace, two bathrooms, dressing/laundry room. Functional attic with plenty of storage space. Basement includes wine cellar and service room (boiler & water softener appliance). Outside parking lot. Ideal location (charming little street close to everything) and very practical layout. LOYER CC = Condominium fees included. Agency Fees for visits, file application, lease preparation & in-house inspection: empty or furnished rental as principal residence (ALUR law): 13 or 15 €/m2 depending on area. Furnished rental as a company accommodation or secondary residence: 1 month rent TTC

The De Havilland Real Estate Agency presents:EXCEPTIONAL. IN THE HEART OF GARCHES. A beautifully crafted, very recent house (2023), furnished and equipped. Spacious reception area (75m²) elegantly decorated and flooded with light, leading to a lovely terrace, magnificent open-plan dining kitchen equipped with high-end amenities, five en-suite bedrooms (with bathroom or shower room) overlooking a terrace or garden, basement including garage and storage spaces.A house of very high quality and in perfect condition, offering an ideal living environment close to all amenities, transport, and international schools.Fees: Visit, file preparation, lease drafting, and entry condition report. Main residence rental (ALUR law): €11, €13, or €15/m² depending on the municipality. A secondary residence rental, or employer housing: 1 month of rent including tax. Security deposit: Furnished: 2 months excluding charges. Unfurnished: 1 month excluding charges.This description has been automatically translated from French.

The De Havilland Real Estate Agency presents: Very beautiful recent architect-designed house (2006). Large bright double living room with immense bay windows (south exposure), separate office with sliding doors allowing for very intelligent space modularity, nice fitted kitchen with dining area and bar area. Four bedrooms on the first floor including a suite with bathroom, another bathroom (+ shower), master suite with garden view including dressing room and bathroom (+ shower). Fully finished basement with game room, laundry room, wine cellar, and storage spaces. Large garage. Ideally located for the American and German schools, beautiful contemporary house, perfectly combining elegant design and family living.Fees: Visit, file preparation, drafting of the lease and entry inventory for: A vacant or furnished rental in primary residence (ALUR law): €13 or €15/m² depending on municipalities. A furnished rental in secondary residence or employee housing: 1 month of rent including VAT.This description has been automatically translated from French.

The De Havilland Real Estate Agency presents you: Very beautiful FURNISHED house in the heart of a calm and residential environment, close to the American School of Paris and the Deutsche Schule of Paris. Magnificently renovated with quality materials and tastefully furnished. On the ground floor: entrance, very pleasant living room embellished with a superb fireplace, dining room opening onto the terrace and garden, pretty kitchen extended by a dining area, pantry, playroom. On the first floor: master suite including bathroom, shower room, and dressing room, terrace accessible from the parents' bedroom. On the second floor: two children's bedrooms, office (or nursery), bathroom (bathtub and shower). Basement including a playroom (also usable as an extra bedroom), storage space, and laundry room. Very pretty garden full of charm. High quality living environment for this perfectly equipped and light-filled house. RENT CC = Condominium fees included. Fees: Visit, file creation, drafting of the lease and entry inventory for: A rental in principal residence (ALUR law): 11, 13, or 15 €/m² depending on municipalities. A rental in a secondary residence, or company housing: 1 month of rent including tax. D.G: Furnished: 2 months excluded charges. Unfurnished: 1 month excluded charges.This description has been automatically translated from French.

Located in a sought-after residential environment in Garches, in immediate proximity to the Parc de Saint-Cloud, the American School of Paris, the German School, shops, and the city center, this elegant family home offers a privileged living environment.Built in the early 20th century and tastefully renovated, it provides approximately 170 m² of living space, complemented by a finished basement of 30 m², on a landscaped plot of 610 m² sheltered from view. The house features bright reception rooms opening onto the garden, a fitted kitchen with a dining area, an office, and several living spaces suitable for family life. The parental floor includes a bedroom with a private terrace, dressing area, and bathroom. The top floor accommodates the children's spaces with several bedrooms and a family bathroom. The finished basement offers a laundry room, recreational space, and a versatile room that can serve as a guest bedroom, playroom, or home cinema. Outside, the sunny, tree-filled garden invites relaxation with its various living areas. Quality amenities include an alarm system, fiber/Wi-Fi, complete appliances, designer furniture, automatic irrigation, robotic lawn mower, and electric vehicle charging station. A turnkey home, ideal for a French or international family, just a few minutes from the Garches train station (24 minutes from Saint-Lazare) and the best schools in the area.The house is available from July 15, 2026, for one year under the Civil Code Lease. Agency fees: 12% of the annual rent before tax.This description has been automatically translated from French.

The De Havilland Real Estate Agency presents: Garches on the border of Saint-Cloud. Very pretty charming house that has undergone renovation work. FURNISHED. Entrance, double living room opening onto a terrace, spacious equipped dining kitchen, office, four bedrooms including one on the garden floor, bathroom, two shower rooms. Very large garage with automatic opening. Beautiful garden at the back of the house. Just a stone's throw from the American school and the German school. Pleasant and easy-to-live-in house. An additional garden maintenance contract should be planned in addition to the rent.This description has been automatically translated from French.

The De Havilland Real Estate Agency presents: Total renovation in 2019. Recent house on approximately 1,000m² of land. Entrance hall, double living room, parquet flooring, ground floor on terrace and garden, equipped kitchen. 7 bedrooms, 5 bathrooms/showers including one suite on the ground floor, a double parents suite on the first floor, and 2 on the garden level. Total basement with playroom, laundry room. Paintings, parquet floors, bathrooms (Italian showers, leather-style tiling), kitchen, new. Renovation of perfect quality. Expect €250 monthly for garden maintenance.RENT CC = Charges for common property included. Fees: Visit, compilation of the file, drafting of the lease and the entry inventory for: An unfurnished or furnished rental in principal residence (ALUR law): €13 or €15/m² depending on municipalities. A furnished rental, in secondary residence, or service housing: 1 month of rent TTCThis description has been automatically translated from French.

The De Havilland Real Estate Agency presents to you: Close to Bougival/La Celle Saint-Cloud train station, a family home (165 m² of living space for about 300 m² of usable area) in the heart of a peaceful and residential cluster of houses. On the ground floor: spacious entrance, double living room (fireplace with insert) opening onto a very large terrace (approximately 100 m²) with a beautiful unobstructed view, recently fitted open kitchen with equipment, very practical utility room, bedroom with shower room in very good condition. On the 1st floor: large landing serving four bedrooms (all with hardwood floors and closets), beautiful bathroom (with whirlpool bathtub). In the basement: laundry room/heating room, two perfectly maintained rooms (tiled, white walls) usable, for example as a playroom and gym, large garage with automatic gate). 280 euros in charges = cold water and garden maintenance. House in very good condition, bathed in light and surrounded by greenery.This description has been automatically translated from French.