luxury real estate for sale Donzy, France

Exclusively: Discover this magnificent property in a peaceful location just 2 hours and 20 minutes from PARIS, consisting of a fully renovated farmhouse made with quality materials. Set on a plot of 6,934 m2, the house offers 457 m2 of living space. On the ground floor, you will find a welcoming entrance that leads to two large living rooms, a spacious dining room, a separate kitchen, and a laundry/boiler room. For your convenience, there are also restrooms, one bedroom, a bedroom with shower/WC, and a master suite with its own bathroom/WC and dressing room. Enjoy a large room dedicated to a 30 m2 library. Upstairs, a landing leads to a cinema room and a game room, along with three additional bedrooms, accompanied by two restrooms, two bathrooms, and a dressing room. The property also includes 175 m2 of outbuildings and a vaulted cellar, all secured by an alarm system. Enjoy this charming rustic property, ideal for those seeking space and tranquility. Don't miss this unique opportunity! Information on the risks to which this property is exposed is available on the Géorisques website www.georisques.gouv.frThis description has been automatically translated from French.

A beautiful manor house surrounded by over 6 hectares of woodland and unique tree houses in a natural region of Nivernais with a little hint of Brittany, two hours from Paris. Large, rolling plains, surrounded by wooded hillsides are criss-crossed by meadows grazed by Nivernais Charolais cattle, easily recognisable with their light red and white coats. They contribute to the remarkable views near the property, which is reached by a small road bordered by a forest. A round track gives you a view of the entire estate and means you can park close to the manor house. The house stands imposingly at the centre of the estate, facing a large lawn and an oak forest dotted with tree houses that blend into the landscape. Remodelled by Jean-Louis-César Deschamps de Bisseret, a count and dragoon officer under Napoleon I who appreciated symmetry, it has many architectural features that suggest the manor was built in the 17th century, although the date 1808 is inscribed on the facade. The manor house does not appear to have undergone any significant changes since then. Three storeys high, it has two main facades that differ slightly from one another: topped with a flat-tiled gable roof with dormer windows, the manor house has straight, regular windows arranged in rows of three to the north and five to the south. They are enhanced by ashlar quoins and window surrounds. On either side of the main building, two lower extensions feature wooden-framed doors with window panes and flat Burgundy tile roofs. A second entrance at the rear of the house is framed by two old stone pillars on either side of a metal gate. A pond as nearby, almost hidden from view.

A grand 18th-century house with tree-dotted grounds, nestled in a village in Burgundy, two hours from Paris. Many old houses, some with adjoining towers, edge the narrow streets of the quaint village. The grand 18th-century house stands in the village’s lower area, opposite the church. A wall that encloses the property gives the home absolute privacy. Two large stone pillars flank a double gate with spiked railings that leads into an inner court where a few vehicles can be parked. A pedestrian door beside this double gate opens onto a stone path that leads to a double flight of front steps in the middle of the main facade. This double flight of front steps leads up to the grand house’s main entrance. The edifice has a ground floor, a first floor, a second floor and a loft. It is crowned with a hipped roof of flat Burgundy tiles that has been renovated. This roof is punctuated with hipped dormers. Two finials rise up from it. The elevations are lime-rendered in a way that leaves their stonework slightly exposed. On the first and second floors, two windows in the facade and rear elevation are positioned symmetrically around a central bay made up of an entrance door on the first floor and French windows on the second floor that open onto a small balcony with a finely crafted balustrade. The big windows with large panes are fitted with wooden shutters. A building that is lower in height adjoins the main house. This building has a ground floor, a first floor and a loft and it is made of the same materials as the main house. It is punctuated with many windows, which herald a bright interior. Like the main house, it is crowned with a hipped roof of flat Burgundy tiles that has been renovated. At the front, this roof has three wall dormers. At the back, it has three hipped dormers. Tall horse chestnuts tower in the middle of the court, which features two wells in working order and a majestic walnut tree that is several centuries old. Behind the grand house, there are walled grounds dotted with trees. In the middle of this parkland there are several benches where you can sit to admire the natural surroundings. Medici vases also adorn the grounds. And there is a third well in working order, hidden among box shrubs. Like its age-old trees, this property has a long history and a unique story. Indeed, Jules Jaluzot once lived here. Jules Jaluzot was a remarkable man and a charismatic socialite. He was a larger-than-life figure of the late 19th century and early 20th century. Jaluzot was at once a businessman, a politician and a press baron. He was self-taught in many fields. Above all, he is known for having founded the famous French department store ‘Printemps’ in Paris. Furthermore, Jaluzot was married to an actress who was a member of the Comédie-Française, France’s prestigious theatre company. The couple would frequent Parisian salons.

Exclusively, charming independent house with basement, located in a peaceful and green environment, close to essential amenities. On the ground floor, an entrance opens onto a spacious living room with direct access to the terrace and view of the swimming pool from the fitted and equipped kitchen, a back kitchen completes this level. The sleeping area serves three bright bedrooms with large openings opening onto a balcony, the functional bathroom, recently renovated, is equipped with a bathtub and a shower, and a separate toilet. In the basement, a summer kitchen, an office, possibility of a 4th bedroom, cellar / pantry and garage. Outside, a pleasantly landscaped and wooded garden of over 2000 m2, enclosed and not overlooked. A beautiful terrace hosts an 8X4 covered and heated swimming pool, to enjoy meals outdoors. This house truly combines comfort and modernity! A visit is a must! For more information or to schedule a visit, do not hesitate to contact me!

Discover this unique property, ideal for family, professional, or collective projects, located in a peaceful and green environment. It consists of several dwellings and ecological facilities, suitable for various needs. Main house: On the ground floor, you will find a multipurpose room, perfect for hosting events or family gatherings. Upstairs, enjoy three spacious bedrooms, each with a toilet and shower, as well as a kitchen for all your culinary needs. An independent studio with a shower completes this level, offering additional flexibility and comfort. Ecological house: Designed according to the highest ecological standards, this house offers a training room ideal for workshops or educational activities, equipped with a well-equipped kitchen, a bathroom, and toilets. On the upper floor, offices will provide you with an inspiring workspace. Self-sufficient cabins: Enjoy two fully self-sufficient cabins, designed for living in harmony with nature. An ideal space for guests, seasonal rentals, or a personal project. Paligloos and multifunctional annex: The paligloos, innovative and ecological structures, add a unique dimension to this property. The multifunctional annex is equipped with a professional kitchen and a game room, suited for receptions or creative activities. The whole extends over a generous plot of land, ready to accommodate your landscaping or expansion projects. Don’t miss this rare opportunity to acquire a multifaceted property, combining comfort, ecology, and functionality. Contact us to arrange a visit!This description has been automatically translated from French.

Exclusively discover this stunning contemporary property built in 2014, located just a few minutes from the center of Cosne sur Loire. You will be charmed by its volumes and high-end features. On the ground floor, you will be welcomed by a spacious 69 m² living room, bathed in light, perfectly designed and arranged. The fully equipped open kitchen offers a functional and trendy space, along with a bedroom, an elegant shower room with a bathtub, a laundry room, and a toilet complete this level. Upstairs, a landing opens onto two bedrooms and a shower room with a toilet. To complete this exceptional property, a comfortable outbuilding of 40 m² is also available, offering numerous layout possibilities. Outside, a closed and wooded garden with no overlooking neighbors. This rare property combines modern comfort and generous outdoor space, perfect for a family seeking tranquility. A visit is a must! Contact me. Information about the risks to which this property is exposed is available on the Géorisques website www.georisques.gouv.frThis description has been automatically translated from French.

This charming 254 m² house in Pouilly-sur-Loire is the perfect blend of traditional elegance and modern amenities. Boasting 5 spacious bedrooms and 10 beautifully designed rooms, this property offers ample space for comfort and style. The presence of a cozy fireplace, double glazing, and high-speed internet ensures a comfortable living experience year-round. Outside, the property is equally impressive, featuring well-maintained gardens, outdoor lighting, and a carport, making the outdoor space as inviting as the interior. The house is fully furnished, allowing for an immediate move-in experience. Optical fiber connectivity ensures you stay connected, making it ideal for both relaxation and remote work in a serene setting. Located in the picturesque town of Pouilly-sur-Loire, enjoy the tranquil lifestyle with easy access to local amenities. This home is perfect for those seeking a blend of historical charm and modern convenience in a stunning French locale. Don't miss the opportunity to own this exquisite property!

In a charming village near the Loire, a beautiful villa entirely renovated with taste and using old materials. This property covers an area of 270 m2 and offers on the ground floor: a spacious entrance hall with a closet, a bright living area of 75 m2 with a central wood stove (equipped kitchen open to the dining and living room), a toilet, and a bedroom with an ensuite shower room. On the first floor: a landing leading to three bedrooms including a master suite (bathroom/shower and dressing room), an office, a shower room, and a toilet. On the second floor, an attic has been converted into a dormitory bedroom/playroom as well as a toilet with a sink. The basement is divided into three areas: laundry room, boiler room, and cellar. Outside: a large independent garage, a heated swimming pool with a Burgundy stone terrace, and to complete this space, a large covered area with a summer kitchen for easy outdoor dining, a pool house, a play area, and an orchard corner. Its park of 3067 m2 is completely enclosed. You will be within walking distance to do your shopping and buy your bread. So if you are charmed by this beautiful property, do not wait any longer, quickly schedule a visit! - Announcement written and published by a Mandatary Agent -This description has been automatically translated from French.

3 km from Pouilly sur Loire and 2 hours from Paris by A77, 19th century mansion of approx. 220m² on walled park, with outbuildings. Completely renovated since 2016, the property offers: a through entrance opening onto a beautiful bright space in L "loft spirit", around a central stove, with living room, fitted and equipped American kitchen, dining room. A bedroom with private shower room and a separate WC complete the ground floor. By a beautiful original oak staircase, access to the first floor distributing on either side of a landing with independent WC, 3 spacious bedrooms including one "en suite" with bathroom/shower and dressing room. Another shower room and an office. On the last level, with sloping ceilings, beautiful bedroom/dormitory space or games room. WC with washbasin. The set has benefited from a complete renovation since 2016, while retaining the authentic elements (oak parquet and staircase, original cement tiles, woodwork, marble fireplaces in the bedrooms, exposed framework). Set of new custom frames in double glazing. The owners, sensitive to beautiful classic houses, have brought a contemporary touch through the choice of colors and careful decoration. The basement, divided into several spaces, has a vaulted cellar, a boiler room (oil central heating), a shed. The 3067m² park partly enclosed by walls is embellished with a traditional concrete swimming pool (11x3.5) heated by heat pump, with terrace in natural stones from Burgundy. The pool house is made up of a covered terrace and a summer kitchen. Adjoining garage-workshop, another independent garage. Orchard and open view. Impeccable maintenance for this bright family home in a quiet area, close to the Loire and shops on foot. 4 daily TER stops for Paris-Bercy, A77 at 2km.

Come and discover this magnificent house for sale in Oudan, completely renovated and rated energy class B. With its 198 m² of living space, this residence offers optimal comfort thanks to complete insulation and individual heat pump heating. The house consists of a large living room of 36m², a modern fitted kitchen with a dining area and pantry, an office, and 4 spacious bedrooms, including a master suite of 25.31 m², as well as a bathroom and a shower room. A flat, unobstructed plot of 900m² with a garden shed is located behind the house. There is also a vaulted cellar and an adjoining workshop. Located close to all amenities, you will find shops, schools, restaurants, bakeries, butcheries, and post offices just a few minutes by car. For nature lovers, several forests are nearby. Ideal family home combining comfort and serenity. Estimated annual energy expenses for standard usage: between €1130.0 and €1570.0 for 2021. Property offered by Isoline NEYENS EI, commercial agent (RSAC 800697849)This description has been automatically translated from French.

Beautifully converted house with plenty of space inside (434m2 habitable) as outside(4000m2 plot). Situated in-between the meadows south of Varzy, West Morvan. Thanks to its 14 bedrooms, suitable for several families or centre for gatherings. Located just south of Varzy in Nievre, this house is ready to move into immediately. Upon entering, it is immediately clear that the house has been renovated with great attention to detail. The rooms with high ceilings and good finishes set the tone for the rest of the house. With no less than - 14 bedrooms - 1 office space - 6 wet rooms - 6 lavatories - 2 kitchens - 1 large lounge of approx. 80m2 - dining rooms - playrooms - cellar - indoor garage this property offers an unprecedented amount of space of over 400m2. Each room is neatly finished while retaining the property's original charm. The windows in each room provide an abundance of natural light and offer beautiful views of the surrounding garden and adjacent fields. The kitchens are equipped with all connections and appliances. Adjacent to the kitchens you will find atmospheric dining rooms There is a huge drawing room with wood-burning stove that can also heat upstairs rooms. The lounge has French doors to the garden. On the ground floor there is also an office space, bedroom and indoor garage. There is a large cellar under the house. All floors have beautiful tiles (tomettes) and/or parquet. Heating is basically done with 2 gas boilers, the gas storage is outside in an underground storage. There are also some electric heaters such as in some bathrooms with a towel radiator. The outdoor space is as impressive as the interior. The plot of almost 4000m2 is beautifully landscaped with several sitting areas, a lush lawn and mature trees providing privacy. There is the heated swimming pool (with heat pump) easily shielded from the rest of the garden with a fence.Perfect for summer days or a refreshing dip after a long day. There is also plenty of space for outdoor dining or relaxing, with the sound of birds in the background. This house is more than just a place to live; it is an oasis of peace and luxury. Ideal for families looking for space, comfort and fine finishes, in a setting that offers peace and privacy. If desired, the property could be split for 2 families, for example, or perhaps you organise meetings with several participants. The house is located on a quiet road from Marcy to Chevannes, outside the built-up area. For shopping, you can easily go to Varzy, for example. A large house in the countryside in France offers peace, space and idyllic surroundings. The French countryside is known for its beautiful landscapes, with rolling hills and picturesque villages. The house offers the opportunity to enjoy a relaxed lifestyle away from the hustle and bustle of the city. Here you can enjoy local culinary delights, the rich culture and a mild climate. Moreover, a large house offers enough space for family visits, creative projects or even a B&B. All this makes it a perfect investment for those who dream of a quiet and authentic life in France. The current owner uses 4G; fibre optics runs along the road the house borders, so a connection can be requested. There is an alarm system in place

In the center of Saint-Satur, close to shops, discover this charming property dating from the 1900s, comprising: - A free part for residential use, including the ground floor of approximately 105m2 with an entrance, an open kitchen to the living room with fireplace, a corridor leading to three bedrooms, two toilets, a shower room, a laundry room, a dressing room, a pantry, and a second independent entrance from the street. The upstairs, approximately 60m2 with cathedral framework and roller shutters, has two large rooms and a bathroom with toilet. The entire property is connected to the sewage system and fiber optics. Workshop garage of approximately 45m2 with an attic above. Independent garden in front of the house and large land at the back with a view of the heights of Sancerre and Saint Satur, totaling 4035m2. - A rented and renovated part of approximately 68m2, comprising a living room with an open kitchen, a shower room, a toilet, a large bedroom, and a mezzanine upstairs. Independent and enclosed garden with a parking space. Electric heating, double-glazed windows. Current rent of 580.00 euros/month BUT FREE ON 31/10/2024. Less than two hours from Paris, near the A77 motorway and the Tracy-sur-Loire train station. 'Information on the risks to which this property is exposed can be found on the Géorisques website: www.georisques.gouv.fr'This description has been automatically translated from French.

This independent 1900 property, at the end of a quiet path and not overlooked, offers: - a living area of approx. 225m2 on two levels, composed on the ground floor: entrance, open-plan kitchen-lounge/living room, corridor leading to 3 bedrooms on one level, two toilets, a shower room, laundry, pantry, dressing room. Upstairs, under a beautiful cathedral framework, a single volume of approx. 100m2 on the ground used as a bedroom, living room, office, dormitory. A bathroom with WC. - a rented part of approx. 68m2 for 580euros/month, composed of an entrance to living room, American kitchen, shower room, WC. Single storey room. Upstairs, on the mezzanine, sleeping area. Small garden and enclosed courtyard. Outside, outbuilding used as a garage/workshop of almost 44m2 with attic above. Everything, well maintained, benefits from a plot of more than 4035m2, in the immediate vicinity of shops. Sancerre 1km, Loire and Golf 2km. Paris in 2 hours by A77 or TER Bercy. Pour de plus amples informations, contactez Agence Demeures de Campagne. 18300 SANCERRE. Stéphanie JOYEUX - 06 60 92 98 47. S.A.S au capital de 7 500,00 euros SIRET 44296036500058. Siège Social : 9, place Saint-André - 18300 SancerreCarte Professionnelle sur Transactions no CPI 1801-2018-000 026 2165 - Délivrée par la CCI du CHER. Non perception de fonds. www.demeuresdecampagne.com

Abriculteurs offers for sale this 7-room house of 217 m² located in La Galarderie.This property is arranged as follows,In the basement:- A workshop- A boiler room- A garageOn the ground floor:- A bright and spacious living room,- One bedroom- A master suite with shower, toilet, and double sink- A fitted kitchen- A laundry room- A separate toiletOn the upper floor:- Four bedrooms,- A bathroom- A separate toiletAssets:- Pool to enjoy sunny days with family,- Garden to enjoy sunny days,- Private parking for comfort of parking,- Cellar for additional storage space,- A dressing room for optimal storage.- Because location matters too, many schools within 7kmTechnical Characteristics:- Property tax: €1330,- Heating method: Electricity (new installation)Information on the risks to which this property is exposed is available on the Géorisques site: (http://www.georisques.gouv.fr/)Interested? Contact Abriculteurs to visit this property.This description has been automatically translated from French.

House of 300m2, from the 18th century, enlarged in the 20th, located on top of a hill benefiting from a magnificent view of the hilly region.The old part includes an entrance, a living room/library with a fireplace, 2 bedrooms on the ground floor, a bathroom/toilet, and on the first floor a large mezzanine bedroom with its own bathroom. A workshop with outdoor access in the gable.The contemporary communicating part offers a dining room/kitchen, a large bedroom with its own bathroom, an office, all of these rooms benefiting from large bay windows.Electric underfloor heating. A wooden garage is located at the back of the 6403m2 garden.Property in good condition, full of charm, with no disturbances or easements. Quiet and authentic region.Information about the risks to which this property is exposed is available on the georisques website: www.georisques.gouv.frDPE: E/BPrice: 318,000€ including 6% fees (18,000€), or 300,000€ net seller.Contact: E de BEAUREPAIRE (ei) 06 07 71 57 [email protected] description has been automatically translated from French.

Ideally situated in the heart of the Pouilly-Sancerre vineyards, overlooking the Loire and only 10 minutes from Sancerre and 2 hours from Paris, this property with commercial and residential potential is set in an enchanting setting; 627.11 m² living space (a total surface area of 845.97 m²) with annexes on a building plot of 8083 m² is in an enchanting, peaceful setting on the banks of the Loire and accessible via the main road. The property dates back to 1930 is currently run as a gourmet hotel with 11 bedrooms (with the possibility of extension) and events venue. It stretches over 8083 m² of land, combining modern comfort and refinement. It comprises a main building of 469 m² comprising : ground floor: entrance hall, 91 m² dining area with bar, 64 m² professional kitchen, 65 m² dining room, 2 WCs and 2 offices; first floor: 7 bedrooms with en suite bathrooms (some with river-view terraces) and archives. A cellar completes the building. A 2nd 158 sq.m. building, comprising 4 bedrooms with en suite bathrooms on 2 levels (one of which meets disabled access standards). A basement with laundry room and gas boiler completes the building. In the garden, you'll find a seminar pavilion and a vegetable garden. Parking spaces with electric hook-ups at your disposal. Ideal investment for a hotel, restaurant, school, seminar or bed & breakfast.

Situated in a peaceful area, 2 hours south of Paris via A 77, a 6-hectare property, comprising a renovated house, a mill converted into a guesthouse, garages with an apartment and office on the upper floor, a pond, and meadows.1 - Renovated house (approx. 170 m² of living space, 3 bedrooms) including: Ground floor: • Living room (approx. 65 m²) with flued fireplace, large bay windows, terracotta tiles, underfloor heating + insert • Fitted kitchen (approx. 18 m²) with granite worktop, bread oven, door opening onto a terrace, + back kitchen. • Bedroom 1 (approx. 11 m²) with Loire stone flooring • Adjacent shower room + separate WC. Upstairs (parquet flooring): • Landing (approx. 11 m²) distributing: • Bedroom 2 (approx. 13.20 m²), view of the pond • Shower room (approx. 8.30 m²) • Corridor (approx. 7.70 m²) equipped with large wardrobes • Bedroom 3 (approx. 10 m²), small balcony.2 - Mill (1640) converted into a guesthouse (filled mill pond): • Living room with kitchenette (approx. 45.50 m²), terracotta tiles • Small shower room • 1 bedroom (approx. 10 m²) • On garden level: room of approx. 29 m², terracotta flooring, mill wheel mechanism; barn (approx. 20 m²); former small stable.3 - L-shaped building including: • Garage (approx. 48 m²) with automatic door, upstairs games room (approx. 28 m²) • Apartment (approx. 50 m²) with pellet stove, reversible air conditioning, shower room and WC; Above: office (approx. 18 m²), parquet flooring, large bay window at the gable end • Awning (approx. 15 m²) extended by a pond + separate garage (approx. 55 m²).4 - Miscellaneous: • Heating: heat pumps, insert • Double-glazed windows • All roofs in good condition • Individual sanitation. Paved paths connecting the buildings.• Energy performance certificate (DPE) for the house: DPE: C (131 kWh/m²/yr) - GES: C (18 kgCO2/m²/yr) - Estimated annual energy costs for standard use: between €1,110 and €1,560 (average energy prices indexed to January 1, 2021) • DPE for the apartment in the L-shaped building: DPE: C (164 kWh/m²/yr) - GES: A (5 kgCO2/m²/yr) - Estimated annual energy costs for standard use: between €670 and €960 (average energy prices indexed to January 1, 2021) • Information on the risks to which this property is exposed is available at www.georisques.gouv.fr4 – Territory: • Park and fenced meadows with equipment shed • Draining pond of 2,000 m².A character property in good condition, located in a quiet area; potential for leisure horses, family property, and operation as charming guesthouses or seasonal rentals.This description has been automatically translated from French.

This property, in a dominant position in a park of almost one and a half hectares, is composed of: “Grandes Stables”, built in the 19th century by Baron Ernest de Chabaud la Tour, to enlarge the outbuildings of the Château de Thauvenay. The plans and construction were entrusted to the architect Louis Parent, who built the little Château. From the “Maison du vegetable garden”, its greenhouses and its remarkable vegetable garden, dating from the 18th century. The latter, now a wooded park, is enclosed by walls with a buildable part. Note that the Large Stables can be classified in the Supplementary Inventory of Historic Monuments and all of the buildings can be labeled with the Heritage Foundation. The buildings are composed as follows: - Les Grandes Ecuries: on the ground floor, old stables, tack room, porch and sheds. Upstairs, used as a gîte for approx. 265m2 of living space, kitchen, large living room of almost 70m2, 9 bedrooms, 3 toilets, 3 shower rooms. - Adjoining but not communicating, on the left wing, stables, on the right wing, old pigsties (new roof). - To the North, the old greenhouses (53m2 and 37m2) and the "Garden House", on 3 levels for approximately 123m2 of living space. Cellars of approx. 80m2 - The wooded park, below and facing the Grandes Ecuries, is decorated with a wooded part of approx. 4000m2 and a part classified as a UA building zone The ensemble, as rare as it is exceptional, is in the immediate vicinity of the vineyard of Sancerre, the medieval wine-growing town with numerous labels ("Most beautiful detours in France", "Small city of character", then "Most beautiful villages in France", a little over a year after being elected “French favorite village” in 2021). The view of the Loire Valley and Pouilly sur Loire from the Grandes Ecuries, the proximity of the Loire, the 18-hole golf course and Paris accessible in 2 hours make this property a unique property.

Property with a panoramic view of the Sancerrois vineyard, with a living area of 215m2. The property consists of an elevated ground floor with an entrance leading to a living room with a fireplace, a spacious and bright dining room, as well as a large open and fitted kitchen with a central island allowing direct access to the outdoor terrace. Parental bedroom with a private shower room. Toilet. Heating with a pellet stove and electric. Upstairs, discover three well-sized bedrooms along with a shower room and toilet. The first level with a triple garage allows parking for several vehicles and provides access to an independent office space, a laundry room, a toilet, a cellar, and a room used as a gym. Exceptional and privileged setting. Pleasant wooded and enclosed garden with electric gate, with a total area of 1749m2. Building connected to the sewage system. On the Piton de Sancerre, close to the village center and all amenities. Easy access with private parking, less than two hours from Paris via the A77 motorway and near the Tracy sur Loire train station. 'Information on the risks to which this property is exposed is available on the Géorisques website: www.georisques.gouv.fr'This description has been automatically translated from French.