luxury real estate for sale Milan, Italy (page 4)

Residence Porta Nuova Inside Torre Aria building, located on the thirteenth floor, we find an elegant property with unique views over Milan. The apartment is composed as follows: spacious entrance hall with wardrobe and guest bathroom, living and dining area overlooking a large terrace, kitchen, laundry room, bedroom and service bathroom. In the sleeping area there is a wonderful master bedroom with access to a spectacular terrace overlooking Piazza Gae Aulenti, the Bosco Verticale and the Alps, en suite master bathroom, two large walk-in closets. The sleeping area includes two further bedrooms and a bathroom. There is a 24/7 concierge service, a guest waiting area, a fitness and a meeting area. The property is completed by three garages and a cellar.

In the renowned area of Cinque Vie, luxury two and three-bedroom apartments with a communal panoramic terrace and spa area. The building, insulated with thermal coating, features an external facade made of white terracotta bricks, internally enriched by a street art masterpiece by an internationally acclaimed artist. Designed according to the latest acoustic standards, it ensures exceptional comfort for both external noise and internal soundproofing. The condominium offers a spa area with a mini-pool, sauna, relax and wellness area, changing rooms equipped with showers and a bathroom. The spacious and panoramic communal rooftop, equipped for socializing and relax, is available for the residents. The condominium includes a bicycle storage area and a mailroom with ample lockers. The building is gas-free. Each apartment is equipped with a thermostat that can be controlled remotely by smartphone in way to adjust the temperature for each area. Every apartment has a centralized ventilation system (HVAC) to automatically provide clean air and eliminate odors. The electrical systems with home automation technologies provide outlets and switches according to current standards and integrated voice interface (Alexa). The entrance doors have security locks with proximity command opening. The condominium has a new TV system with Digital Satellite antennas. The bathrooms feature coverings and floors made of the latest generation porcelain stoneware with a polished marble treatment, while all rooms have prefabricated French herringbone satin-finished parquet flooring. The bathroom sink fittings are in brass with a satin black finish, winner of the IF Design Award 2022. Each unit is equipped with a custom kitchen with built-in appliances.

Nestled in the vibrant heart of Brera district, we find a completely renovated residence with high-quality materials. The modern and elegant design defines this three-level mansion, featuring a spacious living room, open kitchen, bedroom with walk-in closet and bathroom, as well as a large bathroom with a bathtub and shower. The well-equipped kitchen provides maximum functionality, while independent heating and air conditioning ensure year-round comfort. Located in a charming period building with entrance from the incredibly quiet internal courtyard, this excellent location is the ideal place for those who want to blend history and modernity. The proximity to the Duomo, La Scala Theater and Castello Sforzesco adds a cultural touch to this location, allowing exploration of Milan's historical and artistic heritage. The numerous restaurants, shops, and high-fashion boutiques nearby make this location an ideal destination for fashion and gastronomy enthusiasts. The space is also suitable for use as an office or studio.

In the elegant area of San siro, in a prestigious condominium surrounded by greenery with 24-hour concierge service, a panoramic penthouse with penthouse of 300 sqm plus 320 sqm terraces with private pool. On the 13th floor large representative living room in travertine marble overlooking terraced loggias, sleeping area in Italian herringbone parquet consisting of 5 bedrooms including 3 suites each with bathroom, wardrobe and terraces. The 6 bathrooms are in box marble including Carrara, Emperador Dark, Nero Marquina, Travertino. Staircase to the upper floor where we find a beautiful kitchen, dining room, terrace and spectacular 18-meter linear heated pool The property was completed a few months ago ,all systems are the latest generation, home automation, photovoltaic and solar panels included in the property. Complete the property two garages for a total of 5 parking spaces

Via Donizetti Majestic historic villa in the Milan city center with private garden and parking place nearby. The elegant building dates back to the early 1900s, owned by an ancient family of the Roman aristocracy who moved to Milan in the 1920s. Located in a quiet and prestigious area of the city, a few steps from the Giuseppe Verdi Conservatory of Music and from Piazza del Duomo, the house hosted the writer Luigi Santucci for almost fifty years, considered by critics one of the greatest exponents of Italian literature in the second half of the last century. The basement of the house, often used for receptions and parties, was frescoed by the painters Giuseppe Novello and Mario Vellani Marchi. The house has an undoubted historical importance. Illustrious names of Italian literature have been regular guests in the Santucci residence. Among those who attended the Santucci residence there are: Don Primo Mazzolari, the poet David Maria Turoldo, Giuseppe Marotta, Giuseppe Lazzati, Italo Calvino, Piero Bargellini, Virgilio Lilli, Bruce Marshall, Elio Vittorini, Domenico Rea, Nazareno Fabbretti and, in more recent years, the cardinal Gianfranco Ravasi, president of the Pontifical Council for Culture and a close friend of Santucci and his family. The house has been published over the years, in some of its parts, in books and magazines.

A beautiful residence located in a historic medieval palace dating back to the 17th century and listed by the Italian Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Activities. The Baroque courtyard and neoclassical façade testify the series of interventions that have taken place over the centuries. The building was inhabited by illustrious personalities over time and Antonio Canova held his studio there. The property is spread over several levels for a total of 400 square metres. On the second floor there is a beautiful living room with dining area and large kitchen all overlooking a planted terrace. On the upper floor three master bedrooms each with en suite bathroom and large laundry room. Subsequently on the upper level, a large master room with study, bathroom and generous cloakroom. The property is completed by a spacious attic that can be used as a leisure area or hobby room. Renovated with high quality materials a few years ago, it is very bright and quiet, overlooking the internal courtyards.

Located in the municipality of Mozzo, in the exclusive Borghetto neighborhood, the house, despite being part of a complex made up of 6 individual properties, maintains the characteristics of a single home by not sharing any part with the neighbors. We offer for sale an enchanting and prestigious residence in a semi-hilly context completely surrounded by greenery, whose property, having origins in 1600, was the subject of major renovation in 1997, curated by the architect Piero Castellini Baldissera of Milan. The house is structured on three levels and boasts high quality materials, furnishings and decorations, such as: artisan terracotta, parquet, vaults and exposed beams. The perimeter walls were built with triple insulation and the windows are equipped with shatterproof and thermal glass. The heating is underfloor. Ground floor: The entrance is located under a large private porch. Entering on the left we find the dining room with a large pietra serena fireplace and an equipped kitchen, separated from a service office. From the kitchen there is access to a large courtyard for summer lunch use, and continuing, to the large garden with large terraces of the property (approximately 4000 m2 of which 1100 are equipped with automatic irrigation using a 25,000 liter collection tank and the others with sockets water and electricity). To the right of the entrance is the guest bathroom, a welcoming TV area complete with fireplace. A staircase leads to the armored vault/cellar. Going up to the first floor with an important pietra serena staircase, we find on the right a large living room and then a study with fireplace, very well lit by large windows and French windows with double north/south exposure. On the south side there is a large habitable loggia overlooking the condominium courtyard with a magnificent view as far as the eye can see. On the left side we find the laundry room, boiler area with storage room, staff room and bathroom. On the top floor we find two spacious walk-in closets on the left, the master bedroom, a custom-made wardrobe area and a large bathroom with a hydromassage tub and Turkish bath with shower. On the right, a long corridor with three bedrooms, one of which is double, with two bathrooms. The house is equipped with three large garages and large condominium parking spaces.

In a context of new construction, ready to be delivered, a particular independent design solution on several levels with internal patio.The property is composed of:- basement: secondary entrance, bedroom, bathroom, laundry room and large room to be used as a walk-in closet or a cellar;- ground floor: main entrance, living room, separate kitchen and patio;- first floor: bedroom with walk-in closet and bathroom;- second floor: bedroom/study room and bathroom.The apartment is characterized by double heights, large windows and skylights that allow the entrance of natural light that illuminates all the rooms.The floors are connected by an internal elevator (arranged but can be delivered finished), as well as a design staircase.The finishes have been treated with great care and the apartment comes with some fixed furniture and a fully equipped kitchen can be provided.The property is located at Via Plinio, within the street numbers 72-74 (which guarantees even more privacy and quiet), in Città Sudi, in a calm context but close to all major services.Via Plinio (dedicated to Gaius Plinius Secondo, known as Pliny the Elder, writer and philosopher naturalist, military commander and Roman governor) connects Piazza Lima with Largo Rio de Janeiro in Città Studi and is characterized by beautiful architectures in eclectic style, floral and art nouveau (among with the house number 70).The route was opened at the end of 1800, as a continuation of Via Vitruvio, according to a grid that followed the orientation of Corso Loreto, then become Corso Buenos Aires, with a trend out of order if compared to the remaining orthogonal grid of the area.Initially it was called Coronette, because it led, through the countryside, to the farmhouses Lomazza (a complex of three farmhouses, the Coronetta), Clerici, the Cascine Consorziate and the Cascine Doppie (today Piazza Leonardo da Vinci and Città Studi) that were still here at the beginning of the '900.In the area some of the most important industrial realities were later established, including the Bianchi, bicycle and speedway factory, and the Rizzoli publishing house, which was accessed, between 1929 and 1960, from number 6 of Piazza Carlo Erba, a square dedicated to the illustrious pharmacist, near the headquarters, inaugurated in 1927, of the Politecnico di Milano, epicenter of scientific research. Following the transfer of the factories, residential complexes were built on the areas, starting from the 60s with important architects of the time such as Gio' Ponti, and, more recently, the Carlo Erba Residences, completed in July 2019, designed by Degli Esposti Architetti, in a work that also involved Eisenman Architects and AZstudio, a residential complex in s form that designs and marks the urban landscape of Milan.Not to be forgotten, at street number 39 of Via Plinio, the legendary Bar Basso, place of creation of the cocktail Negroni Sbagliato, which here moved in 1947.

Located in a privileged and residential area of Milan, in Via Cesare da Sesto 17, this exclusive apartment is a unique solution of its kind.The prestigious property is on 3 levels with an exclusive internal courtyard in a period building and is spread over 257 square meters of internal area.On the ground floor, there is access to a large entrance hall, with a bright living area and elegant dining room. The eat-in kitchen is spacious and fully equipped to meet the needs of those who love to cook, offering enough space to prepare delicious meals. The sleeping area consists of a large master bedroom with en suite bathroom and comfortable walk-in closet. Continuing along the bright floor, there is access to two further rooms currently used as a study and gym served by a bathroom equipped with both shower and bathtub. Going upstairs, you enter an exclusive double bedroom with en suite bathroom.From every corner of the ground floor it is possible to access a lovely private garden, ideal for spending pleasant moments outdoors.The basement extends over the entire subsurface of the house and includes a cellar and laundry room.The location on Via Cesare de Sesto offers convenience and accessibility to various facilities, such as shops, restaurants, and public transportation, making this apartment not only an exclusive and relaxing space but also a practical choice for urban living in Milan.

Prestigious, fully renovated, multi-room apartment for sale on Corso Buenos Aires in Milan. In the charming setting of an elegant building from the early 1900s, we are delighted to introduce a prestigious multi-room apartment that has been completely renovated with high-quality finishes. This property offers a perfect blend of elegance and comfort and is situated in a prime location on Corso Buenos Aires, in the heart of Milan. The apartment features a bright entrance that leads to a welcoming and refined atmosphere. It includes a large living room, a spacious adjacent dining room, a modern and fully equipped kitchen, three bedrooms, and two elegantly furnished bathrooms. The presence of two fireplaces and a luxurious hydro-massage bathtub adds a touch of class and elegance to the home. The property benefits from a triple exposure and a high floor, providing ample natural light and peaceful courtyard views. The inhabitants' well-being is ensured by a ducted air conditioning system and independent heating. The annual condominium expenses come to about 2,600.00. This elegant apartment is perfect for demanding clients seeking luxury and comfort in a prestigious location. It is strategically positioned near restaurants, shops, and well-served by public transportation. The red line metro with stops at Loreto, Lima, and Porta Venezia, as well as the green line with stops at Loreto and Caiazzo, along with bus lines no. 5, 1, 60, 90, 91, provide quick access to the city center and Malpensa airport.

In Via Luigi Settembrini, in a prestigious building from the beginning of the last century, we offer an exclusive splendid residence on the third floor. The skilful, very recent renovation has been able to combine functionality and charm, creating spaces and layouts that welcome those who enter in a dimension of warmth and elegance, also generated by the high ceilings (3.50 m) typical in these contexts. The beautiful layout with double exposure on the street and on the courtyard (which houses the parking space) has made it possible to create a large entrance which leads to a generous wardrobe with balcony, to the splendid spacious Arclinea furnished kitchen (which leads to a double laundry area and bathroom) and to the large double living room, connected to the study (possible fourth bedroom). The sleeping area then develops with three further large bedrooms (one of which has a balcony) and two bathrooms with windows. The property includes a large cellar (24 m2) and an assigned and delimited parking space in the courtyard for perpetual use, included in the price. Independent heating and air conditioning system throughout the house. The commercial surface area is 242 m2. The condominium expenses are really low (300 euros per month). The area offers every convenience: not far from excellent schools of all levels, shops (with a short walk you can reach Corso Buenos Aires) and services of all kinds. Also excellently served by the metro lines (green, yellow and red) and surface lines.

This prestigious apartment for sale is located in an exclusive residential area in Milan, a few steps from Corso Buenos Aires, one of the longest shopping streets in Europe that crosses several neighborhoods, including Porta Venezia. Located in an elegant period building of the 60s, with concierge service and double lift, the apartment is an elegant five-room apartment of 200 square meters that offers large and comfortable spaces. The entrance welcomes guests into a bright living room, furnished with style and attention to detail. The open kitchen is modern and fully equipped with high-quality appliances. It has been custom-designed by the artisans of Veneta Cucine to meet the needs of those who love to cook, offering enough space to prepare delicious dishes. In addition, a stylish dining table completes the kitchen area, creating an ideal setting for moments with family or friends. From here there is access to a bright corridor that leads to the various areas of the house. The property has four bedrooms, each of which is designed to provide coziness and comfort. Two of the bedrooms have a balcony, a small outdoor area where you can enjoy relaxing moments in the open air and admire the view. The rooms are spacious, with large windows that allow abundant natural light to enter, creating a welcoming atmosphere. In addition, the apartment has three bathrooms, each equipped with modern amenities and high-quality finishes. The solution is completed by a cellar and attic and a large garage. The entire apartment is designed with a refined taste with fine finishes including walls with Venetian stucco finish and high quality materials. The location on Via Gran Sasso offers convenience and accessibility to various facilities, such as shops, restaurants, and public transport, making this apartment not only an exclusive and relaxing space but also a practical choice for urban living in Milan.

For sale in Milan, in the Bande Nere area, there is this large and prestigious 6-room apartment as well as a large eat-in kitchen and 3 bathrooms all with windows. The apartment has large balconies on both exposures. Located on the first and second floor of an elegant building, with lift and concierge. The property is on two levels, for a total area of approximately 250 square meters. The apartment consists of 6 rooms, including 4 bedrooms, 1 study and 3 bathrooms, perfect for ensuring privacy and comfort for all family members. The condominium expenses, equal to 500 euros per month, include heating costs in addition to normal condominium services. The apartment has double exposure and enjoys great natural brightness, equipped with every comfort, such as central heating and independent air conditioning. The building, which has a total of 8 floors, is located in a very quiet residential area well served by public transport, a stone's throw from schools, shops, supermarkets and all the main services.

Luxury apartment on two floors with large terraces overlooking the DuomoThis prestigious apartment for sale is located within a recently built residential complex, designed by a well-known Milanese architect, a few steps from the city center.Famous for the presence of the most prestigious public and private schools and universities in Milan, including the SDA Bocconi business school, this area is of particular interest also because it will host the Olympic village of the Milan-Cortina 2026 Winter Olympics, one of the most anticipated events in the history of sport. The largest urban regeneration project that will affect Milan in the coming years, marries the idea of an increasingly green and sustainable city: in the Porta Romana district alone, half of the building area will be dedicated to green areas and public spaces, thus making them increasingly green, dynamic and exclusive.This luxury apartment is spread over two levels on the top floor of the building, measures 345 m2 and has 340 m2 of terraces.The furnishings are made with the highest quality materials, where the main feature is the teak and black granite floor, presenting a large and spectacular entrance overlooking the balcony full of plants that surround the entire house.On the same level we find a large study/living room with modular sofa beds and en suite bathroom, a large and well-equipped designer kitchen, a laundry room, a service bathroom and a large walk-in closet.The sleeping area is located in the left wing of the apartment and is composed of a large master bedroom with private terrace overlooking the Duomo, a bedroom with built-in wardrobes, two other bedrooms with custom-made furniture and a bathroom with tub. black mosaic and platinum inserts. Next to the double bedroom we find a large wellness area equipped with a swimming pool with hydromassage and chromotherapy, sauna, Turkish bath, shower, double sinks and toilets.The second floor of this exclusive apartment extends to a total area of 80 m2 and also features two large terraces overlooking the skyline, one of which also houses a wonderful infinity pool, a TV area and a sunbathing area; the second terrace is fully equipped as a sheltered al fresco dining area, with two barbecues and a large table, all to be enjoyed in total privacy and tranquility.The property also includes two garages, three cellars, a condominium wall extraction system, an alarm system and an advanced home automation system.

Unique penthouse undergoing a complete renovation with a sophisticated and contemporary touch, at one of the most exclusive addresses in the city. Large windows, airy and bright, and a generous and unobtainable terrace, of around 120 square metres, which runs all around the apartment and envelops it in a green treasure chest, giving the sensation of being suspended in a hanging garden, full of plants and of quiet. These are the unique characteristics of the penthouse, a gem of around 80 sqm, which can constitute the Milanese pied-à-terre for those who, not living in the city, want to have a refined refuge where they can stop in the city or for young couples or singles who love 'exclusivity. It is possible to personalize the finishes of the property, which will be delivered in its raw with the possibility, however, to request that the current sellers take care of completing the renovation. For this purpose, different moodboards have been designed to make it easier to visualize the different setting possibilities once the renovation has been completed. Delivery is scheduled for May 2024.

Milan - CITY LIFE - Libeskind Residence - Apartment for sale on the sixth floor of the famous LIBESKIND residential complex with large planted terrace and double exposure. The entrance is directly onto the large and bright living room with access to the terrace that surrounds the entire apartment, fully furnished eat-in kitchen, large bedroom with en suite bathroom, second double bedroom and bathroom, each room has access to the terrace. The apartment is equipped with a home automation system, central heating with regulation/thermostat in every room. Very ecological system based on groundwater for both heating and cooling, electric shutters, laser-cut triple glazing and anti-intrusion security system. The complex is served by a concierge, 24/7 security and control room, gym for the exclusive use of condominiums, triple lift, stroller and bicycle room. All the apartments are certified in class A, thanks to wise system choices and construction measures. Like the facade materials, which guarantee thermal insulation, they reduce energy consumption by up to 80% and allow significant savings in management costs. Photovoltaic panels, which significantly reduce energy consumption linked to the operation of the systems. The property includes a double garage and a cellar.

Città Studi- Ad.ze Piazzale Novelli in a civil building with concierge and double communal garden with children's play area, we offer a very bright apartment with double east / west exposure located on the fifth floor, with double entrance, of which the main one is very large, a large living area, three double bedrooms, kitchen, two bathrooms, two large balconies located on each of the two sides with panoramic views and cellar. The apartment is in its original condition, but well preserved, both for the floor and for the location between two gardens, it is particularly quiet, moreover the internal plan, also due to the presence of the double entrance, lends itself to a possible splitting. Possibility of combining a garage in the same condominium complex located on the ground floor.

Spectacular bright property in Milan, Via Melzi d'Eril 12 with incredible views on Milan.In a prestigious 1950/60s building with concierge service and two lifts, a prestigious property consisting of: Two penthouse apartments on the eighth floor, stacked A / 2, with a commercial area of approx. 144 and 174 sqm. (including 30 square meters of balconies, calculated at 30% ), which can be joined, with spectacular views of the city, from the Duomo and the Castello Sforzesco, to Citylife, on one side and from Bosco Verticale to the Unicredit Tower, on the other.The first of the two apartments, completely and elegantly renovated, consists of a large entrance hall, a living room with spectacular city views, dining room, kitchen, sleeping area with corridor, study / TV room which leads to the bedroom, two bathrooms and two walk-in closets, balcony on Via Melzi d'Eril and balconies on the back.The second, renovated in the same period but with a less contemporary flavor, consists of a large entrance hall, a large living room, 2 bedrooms, 1 bathroom, a laundry room, kitchen, a balcony on Via Melzi dEril and a balconies on the back.Combining them, this second apartment could host 3 bedrooms with 3 bathrooms, a dining room, a study-room and a laundry.The two real estate units have two attics above the kitchen of the second apartment and two cellars, kitchen by Bulthaup, fixed furniture (doors, bookcases, shelves, walk-in closets, vanity furniture, etc.). A double garage of 39 sqm inside the building, easy to access and maneuver. Two real estate units on the mezzanine floor, stacked A / 10 (offices) but with the possibility of changing them to residential use with no cost, with a commercial area of approx. 79 and 35 sqm., which can be joined, for a total of 5 rooms, 2 bathrooms, 2 walking closets and related corridors, with double facing onto Via Melzi d'Eril and the internal courtyard.The larger one is currently rented with a contract expiring on 12/31/2024.The two real estate units can be used as an office / professional studio, an annex apartment for the service staff or to generate an income. Two boxes of 13 sqm each (which can be transformed into a single double garage), in concession by the Municipality of Milan in the parking lot at Via Cesariano.Independent air conditioning, central heating with radiators and thermo valves.Via Melzi D'Eril, born in 1801, with evident connections to Paris (the references to the Arc de Triomphe de l'Étoile and the Avenue des Champs-Élysées are evident), a stone's throw from the Sempione Park and the Arco della Pace, offers services and schools of excellence of all levels. Fine shops and restaurants, sports facilities such as the Bonacossa Tennis Club, the Giovanni da Procida swimming pool and the historic Vigorelli Velodrome.There are also excellent connections with the tram lines 1, 14, 19, the nearby MM5 Lilla underground line and the Milan Domodossola railway link line. Motorway connections with Milano Laghi and Milano Como nearby.

Spectacular bright property in Milan, Via Melzi d'Eril 12 with incredible views on Milan.In a prestigious 1950/60s building with concierge service and two lifts, a prestigious property consisting of: Two penthouse apartments on the eighth floor, stacked A / 2, with a commercial area of approx. 144 and 174 sqm. (including 30 square meters of balconies, calculated at 30% ), which can be joined, with spectacular views of the city, from the Duomo and the Castello Sforzesco, to Citylife, on one side and from Bosco Verticale to the Unicredit Tower, Alps and Prealps, on the other.The first of the two apartments, completely and elegantly renovated, consists of a large entrance hall, a large living room with spectacular city views, a dining room, the kitchen, the sleeping area with corridor, study / TV room which leads to the bedroom, two bathrooms and two walk-in closets, a long balcony on Via Melzi d'Eril and balconies on the back.The second, renovated in the same period but with a less contemporary flavor, consists of a large entrance hall, a large living room with spectacular city views , two bedrooms, a bathroom, a storage room, the kitchen, a long balcony on Via Melzi dEril and balconies on the back.Combining them, this second apartment could host 3 bedrooms with 3 bathrooms, a dining room, and a laundry.The two real estate units have two attics above the kitchen of the second apartment and two cellars, Bulthaup kitchen, fixed furniture (doors, bookcases, shelves, fitted walk-in closets, vanity furniture, etc.). A double garage of 39 sqm inside the building, easy to access and maneuver.Independent air conditioning, central heating with radiators and thermo valves.Via Melzi D'Eril, born in 1801, with evident connections to Paris (the references to the Arc de Triomphe de l'Étoile and the Avenue des Champs-Élysées are evident), a stone's throw from the Sempione Park and the Arco della Pace, offers services and schools of excellence of all levels. Fine shops and restaurants, sports facilities such as the Bonacossa Tennis Club, the Giovanni da Procida swimming pool and the historic Vigorelli Velodrome.There are also excellent connections with the tram lines 1, 14, 19, the nearby MM5 Lilla underground line and the Milan Domodossola railway link line. Motorway connections with Milano Laghi and Milano Como nearby.

A stone's throw from Piazza S. Babila we offer a very elegant property located in a very quiet context of an elegant building with concierge. The double exposure apartment is located on the second floor and currently consists of an entrance directly onto a large triple representative living room with adjoining dining area, three bedrooms, a very large eat-in kitchen and three bathrooms. To this must be added a cellar and a large private parking space in the courtyard. The particular plan of the building allows various internal solutions such as the creation of an additional bedroom or the extension of the various existing environments (bedrooms, bathrooms, kitchen) which makes it adaptable to various housing needs. The materials are partly original, see parquet in the living room, particularly cared for, partly redone in subsequent moments, such as the fixtures, all with double glazing. Finally, the property is equipped with a ducted air conditioning system and an alarm system.