luxury real estate for sale High-Normandy, France (page 33)

Look no further, your real estate gem is here, in the heart of the city!!! Close to all amenities, this charming fully renovated stone house offers you a peaceful living environment while enjoying urban life. Benefiting from an unobstructed view of the greenery and natural light, this property stands out for its welcoming character. From the entrance, you will be charmed by a spacious living area of 30 m², opening onto a pleasant wooden terrace. The kitchen, custom-fitted and fully equipped, blends harmoniously into this space. A WC completes this level. Upstairs, a hallway leads to two bedrooms, one of which is crosswise, as well as a shower room with WC. On the top floor, a majestic master bedroom of 50 m² on the floor, bathed in light, features a vast dressing area. A planned fitting allows for the installation of a bathroom according to your desires. The garden, beautifully landscaped and private, extends over an area of 200 m², thus offering a peaceful and green outdoor space. Additionally, a practical basement includes a laundry/boiler room, a workshop, and a wine cellar, adding a functional dimension to this charming home. Among its many advantages, note the complete electrical renovation by a professional, city gas heating, and the stone construction that gives a unique character to this property. Energy performance certificate: D - Fees inclusive charged to seller. Average energy prices indexed as of 01/01/2021 (subscription included). Estimated annual energy expenses for standard use: between €1,090 and €1,520 per year. Information on risks to which this property is exposed is available at the georisque site: www.georisque.gouv.frThis description has been automatically translated from French.

In a beautiful village in the Eure Valley, 45 minutes from Paris and near the A13, located within an exclusive 27-hectare estate equipped with three tennis courts and a large swimming pool, ensuring leisure and entertainment for the whole family, in an exceptional living environment. This architect-designed house stands out for its elegance and unique design. From the entrance, you will be charmed by a spacious living area with a cathedral ceiling, as well as a sunken living room, bathed in light, that opens generously on both sides onto a magnificent landscaped garden, allowing you to enjoy the beauty of the outdoors in any season. The custom-made kitchen is fully fitted and equipped, while the utility room and laundry offer additional functionality. The garage has been cleverly converted into a cellar, providing practical storage space. Two master suites, each with a dressing area, offer comfort and privacy, one of which is particularly remarkable, being fully glazed, creating harmony between the interior and exterior. Upstairs, two additional bedrooms and a bathroom with toilet complete the living space. The advantages of this property are numerous: bordered by a stream, a privileged environment within a secure estate with a coded barrier, quality construction, as well as a custom-made staircase adding a touch of elegance. Energy performance diagnosis (DPE): D - All fees included charged to the seller. Average energy costs indexed as of 01/01/2021 (subscription included). Estimated annual energy expenses for standard use: between €2,240 and €3,080 per year. Information on the risks to which this property is exposed is available on the georisque website: www.georisque.gouv.frThis description has been automatically translated from French.

A 19th-century house with a walled garden that covers over 2,600m² in a vibrant village in France’s Pays de Bray province, around 150 kilometres from Paris. The property lies near the market square around which the village has built its long story. The grand dwelling towers in the village centre, standing out from its neighbours, yet it blends into its surrounding environment well. The architecture around it is typically Norman in style, but this does not clash with the property. An age-old magnolia stands in front of the house. On the street side, a thuja hedge marks the property’s entrance. This hedge, which adjoins a fine metal gate, does not conceal the vistas that the dwelling enjoys from its position, set well back from the entrance. The elevations of the majestic house are pure white in colour and this bright tone is brought out by the greenish hue of its guardrails. The pink blooms of hydrangeas adorn the facade’s base course in the summer. The dwelling dates back to the time of the French king Louis-Philippe I. The first stone was laid in 1839 on land that was formerly a marquisate. Republicans seized the estates of nobles during the French Revolution. Later, in 1825, a law was enacted to compensate nobles who were impacted by this land grab and who had felt forced to flee France during that turbulent period but who had since returned. Yet despite these indemnities, many impoverished nobles were compelled to sell their land. On such estates, the new upper middle classes then started building grand homes, or ‘little chateaux’, like this dwelling. Construction of this house finished in 1846 and the property was handed over as a splendid edifice with a mansard roof, designed in a Louis XV style. The house is built of brick and rendered with a mortar of lime and plaster. It is designed in the so-called Pompadour style of the century before it: the dwelling follows the main architectural and stylistic principles of this trend. The edifice offers a floor area of around 300m² and stands at the front of its plot. It hides a vast garden behind it: a lawn dotted with trees and enclosed with high walls. Garages, an outbuilding, and a vegetable patch edged with brickwork complete the property. At the back of the plot, a fence demarcates the property.

Located near Pacy-sur-Eure, in a charming village at the gateway to Normandy, just 50 minutes from Paris by road or train, Coldwell Banker is pleased to offer you this property overlooking a two-hectare plot facing the Eure Valley, providing exceptional panoramic views. This villa offers high-quality amenities: a spacious reception room with a fireplace, a fitted and equipped kitchen, a covered and heated swimming pool equipped with a sound system, a double garage, a caretaker's house, a wine cellar, and a laundry room complement the 4 bedrooms and 5 bathrooms it boasts. The wall decorations on the ground floor and by the pool have been completed by contemporary artist Claude Parizot. A wine cellar completes this property. - Home heating: wood pellet boiler - Pool heating: heat pump - Domestic hot water: thermodynamic water heaters - Pool water treatment: ozone disinfection The garage is equipped with an electric vehicle charging station. A haven of peace where you can relax or enjoy convivial moments with family or friends. Sale price: €990,000 (seller's fees included) Energy performance rating: D Annual energy costs: between €3,780 and €5,170 Information about the risks to which this property is exposed is available on the Georisks website: www.georisques.gouv.fr https://sites.google.com/a/coldwellbanker.fr/honoraires-coldwellbanker-demeure-prestige/

IN NORMANDY (DEPARTMENT 76) ON THE ALBATROSS COAST - CHARACTER HOUSE, 8 ROOMS WITH A LARGE LAND OF 9148 m² - NEAR SHOPSDREAM HOUSE - LARGE SPACES - BRIGHTCÔTES & MER invites you to discover this beautiful 8-room house of 195 m² dating before 1949 in CANY BARVILLE (76450).It offers you on the ground floor: an entrance with its original cement tiles, a bright living room of 51 m², a fitted kitchen and a back kitchen, a dining room, a boiler room with a toilet, an office, and a winter garden.On the first floor, this house has a separate toilet and a large bathroom (on a half level) with a bathtub, double sinks, and a bidet. On another level, a landing leads to 4 bedrooms (15 m², 14 m², and 2x 9 m²), as well as a small storage room of 2 m², all laid on beautiful original parquet.Finally, the 2nd floor offers you an attic of 39 m², an additional space gain.A 52 m² garage completes this house. Also enjoy outdoor space for added comfort: 2 buildings of 53m² and 51 m², as well as an outbuilding (including a 23 m² cellar, a higher level of the same surface, and a second level accessible by stairs). All on a garden of 9,148 m².The heating of the house is managed by oil heating (recent boiler from 2018). The wastewater treatment is not collective, via a micro-station, it is recent, and the 2022 certificate confirms that the system is compliant.This property is located in a dynamic municipality, just a few steps from amenities: schools (nursery, kindergarten, middle school), supermarkets, as well as all small shops.Discover all the unique features of this house for sale by contacting us now at 06 34 54 00 76.COTES & MER - Elise LE MEUR - SASU - Commercial agent - 06 34 54 00 76 - RSAC No. 910 189 521 - Registry city: ROUEN - Fees borne by the seller - More information on www.cotes-et-mer.fr (ref. 76009633) In accordance with the Monetary and Financial Code (art. l.565-1), a valid piece of identification with a photograph will be requested from each visitor.

Evreux center, real estate complex comprising two main buildings:- A private residence of three floors with a living area of approximately 340 m², featuring a garage of 38 m² for two cars and a basement of about 165 m² accessible from the street, with some rooms having windows.- A medical office of approximately 413 m² over two levels with a basement of about 47 m².The entire property is in good overall condition. The premises are equipped with single glazing in wood or aluminum. The electrical panel is recent, heating is by city gas, and the boiler is about ten years old.This property could be suitable for various office activities, medical activities, a small clinic, training center, storage, etc....Agency reference: 16292This description has been automatically translated from French.

In an exceptional environment, just a stone's throw from the N13 between Évreux (25 min) and Le Neubourg (10 min), this fully renovated house by enthusiasts will not leave you indifferent! It consists on the ground floor of a spacious and bright living area with a rather original open kitchen, a living room (which can easily be a bedroom if single-level living is essential), a shower room with an Italian shower, a toilet, and a laundry room. You can access two different terraces through two different doors, which you can choose based on the sunlight. Speaking of the sun, it is prominently present throughout the garden at any hour of the day. On the second floor, you will find three very spacious bedrooms and a unique winding landing that provides easy access to each room. Finally, on the second floor, there is a large bedroom with plenty of storage. Outside, a closed double garage accommodates two cars. Heating is oil-based, but you can also install a pellet stove; everything is ready for it. Energy performance report D (May 2021), PVC double-glazed windows, insulated walls. No work needed! Is it already attracting you? Normal! Call us quickly at 02 32 33 26 26!This description has been automatically translated from French.

The city of Dieppe, bordered by its pretty vertiginous cliffs, benefits from an attractive seafront, with multiple outdoor and nautical activities, its casino, without forgetting its pedestrian shopping street, its market square, its restaurants and bars on the port. Facing the beach and the large esplanade, this former ?Belle Epoque' hotel has been completely rehabilitated into a plush residential building, a true symbol of the city. The Hall is grand, made up of large columns, a mosaic floor and giant mirrors. The tone is set, this venerable establishment of yesteryear leaves its mark. The apartment is located on the ground floor, it has extraordinary volumes and a sea view from the living room and two bedrooms. The ceiling height of 3.60 m leaves you speechless. Concerning both the old kitchens and the rooms of the hotel, the layout is totally atypical and the property benefits from different interior levels, giving it even more charm and originality. The living room consists of a lounge area facing the sea-facing window and a dining room. A large adjoining bedroom, facing the esplanade, has an incredible period bathroom with its art deco elements such as the sink and the bathtub. The kitchen is designed in an L shape, with its dining area, wall and base units and cooking area, then continues with an integrated laundry room to manage internal logistics. On the half-level courtyard side, a separate sleeping area offers two open bedrooms and a shower room with toilet. Finally, it is a large room with period tiles which faces the wooden gate on the sea side. Once crossed, it provides access to the fourth half-level bedroom, equipped with its shower room and sink. This real estate complex leaves no stone unturned, it combines period materials, such as mosaic floors and period tiles, solid parquet floors and Art Deco furniture, as well as moldings and other decorations from the past century. Benefiting from an exceptional geographical location, between the sea and the city center, this apartment will delight its guests with its differentiated spaces and its unique style. The property has a private terrace on the sea side, requiring some adjustments. Favorite of the agency, very rare for sale, to visit without moderation. ENERGY CLASS: D / CLIMATE CLASS: D Estimated average amount of annual energy expenditure for standard use, established using energy prices for the year 2021: between euros2,454 and euros3,320 Information on the risks to which this property is exposed is available on the Géorisks website: www.georisks.gouv.fr Izem Boujdi Sales agent N°RSAC: 834 500 258 - Rouen Condominiums of 101 units (No proceedings in progress). Annual expenses : 2000 euros.

In a very beautiful village in the Eure Valley, 45 minutes from Paris and near the A13, located within an exclusive 27-hectare estate equipped with three tennis courts and a large swimming pool, ensuring leisure and entertainment for the whole family, in an exceptional living environment. This architect-designed house stands out for its elegance and unique design. From the entrance, you will be captivated by a spacious living room with a cathedral ceiling, as well as a sunken lounge, bathed in light, opening generously on either side to a magnificent tree-filled garden, allowing you to enjoy the beauty of the outdoors in all seasons. The custom kitchen is fully furnished and equipped, while the back kitchen and laundry room provide additional functionality. The garage has been cleverly converted into a pantry, offering practical storage space. Two master suites, with dressing rooms, offer you comfort and intimacy, one of which is particularly remarkable, being fully glazed, creating harmony between the inside and outside. On the upper floor, two additional bedrooms and a bathroom with a toilet complete the living space. The advantages of this property are numerous: Bordered by a stream, a privileged environment within a secure estate with a coded barrier, quality construction, as well as a custom staircase adding a touch of elegance. Energy Performance Diagnosis: D - All-inclusive fees charged to the seller. Average energy prices indexed as of 01/01/2021 (subscription included). Estimated annual energy expenses for standard use: between €2,240 and €3,080 per year. Information about the risks to which this property is exposed is available on the georisque website: www.georisque.gouv.frThis description has been automatically translated from French.

CANY IMMOBILIER offers you this Norman house with 8 main rooms totaling approximately 200 m2 which includes, on the ground floor; an entrance of 2 m2, a living room of 44 m2 with a fireplace, a fitted kitchen of 17 m2, 2 ground-floor bedrooms of 16 and 23 m2, one of which has a shower room and toilet of 5 m2, an office of 17 m2, a separate toilet, a back kitchen and laundry of 12 m2. On the first floor: a landing of 9 m2, 3 bedrooms (12, 14, and 17 m2), a shower room with toilet of 2 m2 and a bathroom with toilet of 5 m2. Barn of 68 m2. Building of 20 m2. Heating by heat pump. Connected to the mains sewer. Covered swimming pool. Land of 2,500 m2 in a quiet environment. This property represents the opportunity to acquire a large, habitable, and comfortable family home just 15 minutes by bike from the beach of VEULETTES-SUR-MER.This description has been automatically translated from French.

Discover very quickly this week's favorite! A set of two houses with two distinct entrances on a closed and wooded plot of 2160 m2. The first offers you an entrance with a closet opening onto a living room-kitchen area, a laundry room, an independent toilet, and a bathroom with a shower and bathtub. Upstairs: a lovely landing area, four bedrooms, and a shower room with a toilet. Gas heating with a condensing boiler. The second single-storey dwelling is arranged as follows: an entrance with a closet, a living room-kitchen area with wooden flooring, a shower room, a toilet, and a bedroom with a closet. The whole is in very good general condition. Electric heating. Property tax 1369 €. Individual sanitation with a septic tank. Various outbuildings and a carport. Individual sanitation. Do not hesitate to contact us for more information: 02.32.37.15.42This description has been automatically translated from French.

FOR SALEPretty property tastefully renovated:• Planted and wooded garden of 5,997 m2• A outbuilding• In an artistic hamlet• Close to Breteuil and Verneuil sur Avre• Beautiful volumes• Charm and authenticity• Additional convertible potentialPrice: €635,000For more information, visit maisonleys.comThis description has been automatically translated from French.

Spacious architect-designed house near the Town Hall, spread over four levels, offering a refined layout and quality amenities. On the ground floor, an entrance with storage leads to a double garage and a spacious cellar. On the upper floor, a beautiful equipped kitchen, a large living room (43.5m2) enhanced by a fireplace and facing south, providing a friendly living space, and a toilet. On the second floor, discover three bedrooms, two of which have access to a sunny terrace, an Italian shower room, and a separate toilet. Finally, on the top floor, a master suite with its private bathroom and a terrace offering a stunning view. This atypical property combines elegance and charm and is sure to capture your attention. Fees of 4.19% VAT included payable by the buyer (645,000 € excluding fees). Your commercial agent from 3G IMMO on site EI - Katia PONT Registered at the RSAC of ROUEN 837 980 911, Tel: 06 60 74 24 13, Site 3gimmo: https://archive.3gimmo.com/pont According to Article L.561-5 of the Monetary and Financial Code, to organize the visit, you will be asked to present an identity document. Information on risks to which this property is exposed is available on the Georisques site: www.georisques.gouv.frThis description has been automatically translated from French.

REF: 8802 LA - VALLEE D'EURE - NEAR PACY. Traditional house comprising: Entrance with cathedral ceiling, Beautiful living room of approximately 46.87 m², lounge-dining area, followed by a room used as a lounge/tv area of about 11.14 m², nice room used as a games room, equipped and fitted kitchen of 16.72 m², beautiful space with its central island. Back kitchen/laundry, fitted with various storage options. Shower room, separate WC with hand basin. Veranda with its SPA area and terrace. 1st Floor: Landing/hall leading to: separate WC, bathroom, 2 Bedrooms (11.93 and 14.39 m²) including one with a closet, Master suite of approximately 22.17 m² with dressing area and its shower room, and access to a balcony. Double-glazed wooden windows - Heat pump heating. Exterior: Beautiful chalet used as a garage accommodating 2 vehicles, workshop space with a stove of about 38.25 m², another chalet with awnings on the sides for various storage + other shelters, electric sliding gate. Land of 2,780 m² enclosed and landscaped, primarily lawn. Seller's fees. Energy class B, Climate class A Average estimated annual energy expenses for standard use, established from energy prices in 2021: between €980.00 and €1380.00. Information on the risks to which this property is exposed is available on the Géorisques site: georisques.gouv.fr.This description has been automatically translated from French.

FAVORITE IN ETRETAT! 800 m from the beach and cliffs, atypical and charming property built on a wooded park of 996 m2, composed of a wooden frame house surrounded by beautiful sunny terraces, private parking for 2 spaces. The house built in 2009 is very comfortable, in excellent condition, very well appointed. A turnkey property. On the garden level, you will enjoy a large dining room opening onto the kitchen and terrace, as well as a living room with a mixed open or closed fireplace. The ground floor offers two bedrooms, each with their own shower room and toilet. The first floor consists of a bedroom, shower room and bathroom, toilet. The second floor consists of a bedroom. You will then find a mezzanine with an office space, TV area, which can even be used for extra sleeping. In addition to these services, there is an attic, a laundry room, a wine cellar, a boiler room and a large room/cloakroom. This exceptional site also hosts a dream place: 'The nest in the tree' a cabin nestled in a tree 9 meters high, offering a view of the sea and the cliffs. A nest for lovers looking for the unusual. Access is via a squirrel cage type staircase, reassuring the less adventurous. The openings are leaf-shaped, the cabin has a shower with hot water, a sink, a traditional toilet and a double bed. A dining area allows you to have breakfast in case of bad weather, although the balcony with sea view is the ideal place. We invite you to discover this atypical property, immersed in greenery.

Normandy is home to some very beautiful properties, some of which have surprising origins. There is no doubt that this old stable, rehabilitated with taste and elegance, is one of those rare exceptions. Benefiting from the authenticity of a sumptuous heritage building in stone, brick and flint, enhanced by a subtle renovation, this splendid residence offers an attractive living environment in a small rural village with preserved charm. Quiet, hidden behind an avenue of large classified trees, it nevertheless remains very close to the amenities and services of the town of Yvetot, a 5-minute journey. With the proximity of the train station and easy access to the various motorway routes, the location of this magnificent residence is optimal for fully enjoying the pleasures of the region. What first attracts the eye is both the simplicity and the architectural quality of this large building. In this perfect rectangle, life is organized from a masterful 75 m² living room, welcoming a lounge deliciously decorated with a remarkable fireplace and a dining area with the garden as a perspective. With a very good height under the beams, the volume of the room stands out as a valuable asset for artists and collectors looking for places suitable for the exhibition of exclusive works. The kitchen, simple and functional, has direct access to the large 80 m² terrace, and a pantry, while taking full advantage of beautiful sunshine throughout the day. Adjoining the living room and benefiting from beautiful natural light, a spacious office with its imposing wall-mounted bookcase proves to be the ideal place to isolate yourself in complete tranquility. It could also easily become an additional bedroom, if necessary. The house also offers three spacious bedrooms on the garden level, each with a pretty French window facing nature. One has a private shower room with a refined design. As for the other two, they share a sumptuous, perfectly equipped bathroom. A laundry room, a boiler room, as well as two independent toilets complete the package. The 233 m² on one level are thus optimized and the good distribution of rooms greatly facilitates daily life. From the entrance, a large staircase leads upstairs which totals 250 m² on the ground. This level, with its impressive height under the ridge, remains convertible. It already benefits from a few partitioned rooms, large French windows and is pre-equipped with a heating network, to make everything easily habitable with impeccable comfort. The property also accentuates its exclusive character thanks to the 9,200 m² of its wooded and swimming pool plot. Behind the motorized gate, a large driveway allows for easy movement and parking. All around the house, a pretty terrace and its pedestrian path running in stone-toned paving give relief to the whole while perfectly demarcating the green spaces. In the background, there is a period cart shop, completely renovated, of 75 m² with its 4 sheltered parking spaces, and in the extension, two typical Norman-style buildings offer valuable storage spaces for wood or equipment. With all these assets, this unique property, both soothing and warm, can easily be suitable for a gîte project, a place of artistic expression or quite simply a comforting family home. Less than 2 hours from Paris and less than an hour from the Côte d'Albâtre and the Côte Fleurie, you are spoiled for choice for a possible seaside stroll in Etretat, Veules les Roses, Honfleur or Deauville, but it is also possible to stroll along the banks of the undulating Seine in the Regional Natural Park about fifteen minutes from the property. The potential and refinement of the place suggest the realization of an esthete's dream. ENERGY CLASS: E CLIMATE CLASS: E Estimated average amount of annual energy expenditure for standard use, established using energy prices for the year 2021: between euros3,559 and euros4,815 Information on the risks to which this property is exposed is available on the Georisks website for the areas concerned: www.georisks.gouv.fr Individual Business Jean-Marc HÉBERT Commercial Agent n° RSAC: 881 282 982 Le Havre

Located 1 km from the town center of Pont-Audemer and its shops, this residence built on a 975m2 garden is composed on the garden level of an entrance serving a summer kitchen, a billiard room, a laundry, a workshop and a boiler room. The ground floor consists of an equipped and fitted kitchen, a living room with fireplace, two bedrooms, a dressing room, a bathroom and a toilet. On the first floor you find a landing, an office, four bedrooms, a toilet and a bathroom. You will appreciate the space of this house, benefiting from shops and schools on foot. Les informations sur les risques auxquels ce bien est exposé sont disponibles sur le site https://www.georisques.gouv.fr.Propriété NormandeAgence spécialisée dans la transaction de demeures de caractère.5 Rue place de la ville, 27500 PONT-AUDEMER 02.27.36.49.1853 Rue du Général de Gaulle, 27300 BERNAY 02.27.19.50.49

15 minutes from Bernay and its train station. Magnificent dominant view over the Risle valley. Guy Hoquet agency offers this property for sale, consisting of a traditional single-storey house covered with natural slate, measuring 239 m². You will find: a large living room with a fireplace, large windows, and high ceilings, a recent large fitted kitchen, a pantry, 4 bedrooms including a suite with a shower room, 3 toilets, and another shower room. Total basement housing a converted studio, storage room, and boiler room. Central heating with city gas (new boiler). You will also enjoy a heated pool measuring 12x6 and a large terrace facing south with no overlook. The property is set on 2674 m² of land. Please note that in accordance with article L.561-5 of the monetary and financial code, a copy of the identity document of all visitors will be required before the visit. "Information on the risks to which this property is exposed is available on the Géorisques site: www.georisques.gouv.fr"This description has been automatically translated from French.

Exclusivity - Normandy - Trouville la Haule (Eure) - 4 mins from the shops of Bourneville-Sainte-Croix, 6 mins from the Old Port and the banks of the Seine, 12 mins from Pont-Audemer, and 1h40 from Porte Maillot. In absolute calm and without any vis-à-vis, an authentic thatched cottage of 120m2 on a raised and landscaped ground of 3500m2 with outbuildings. The main house benefits from the charm of Norman architecture, with half-timbering, exposed beams and thatched roof. It consists on the ground floor of a living room with a monumental fireplace, a dining room, a small living room, a separate kitchen, a guest toilet, a storeroom and a a wine cellar. Upstairs, an office, a large bedroom and a large bathroom with WC. An 80m2 outbuilding comprising 4 bedrooms and a bathroom with wc. A second outbuilding, with a shelter for 3 cars and a large French billiard room upstairs. A true haven of peace, this property has retained all its charm. Pool area. Tastefully landscaped garden. Contact Magali Bienvenu 06 61 19 56 81 - Paris Normandy Transactions 7/7

Located in COURBÉPINE, just minutes from BERNAY, a single-storey house built in 2019, comprising a fitted and equipped kitchen open to the living area, a corridor leading to a bathroom with shower, three bedrooms including a master suite with dressing room and toilet. Storage room. Attached garage. Heating by electric radiator and pellet stove. Built by EXTRACO. Individual sanitation. VIRTUAL TOUR available on our website. Bernay, a Norman town one hour from the coast, will charm you with its architecture that is both traditional and contemporary. Museum, abbey, basilica, church, theater, cinema. So many assets to discover in a complete file on our website. We remind you that in accordance with Article L. 561-5 of the Monetary and Financial Code, an identity document from all visitors will be required before the visit. ORPI Bernay, a real estate agency specialized in buying, selling, renting and managing all types of real estate. Agency reference: 7064This description has been automatically translated from French.