luxury real estate for sale Zion Crossroads, United States

Three Chopt Acres is an Historic Virginia Farmhouse on 10+ Acres. Experience the timeless charm of this classic 1802 Virginia farmhouse, gracefully situated on just over 10 acres of open countryside surrounded by picturesque horse farms and rolling pastureland. Rich in character and history, the home features beautiful hardwood floors throughout, blending period craftsmanship with the comforts of country living. The property offers abundant space for entertaining and outdoor enjoyment, highlighted by a refreshing swimming pool and expansive grounds with breathtaking rural views in every direction. A detached twin-bay garage provides ample room for vehicles, equipment, or workshop space. Garden enthusiasts will appreciate the generous acreage and full-day sunlight, creating ideal conditions for vegetable gardens, flowers, or hobby farming. The fenced backyard offers a secure and convenient space for dogs to roam and play. Whether relaxing by the pool, hosting family and friends, cultivating a garden, or simply enjoying the peaceful setting, this remarkable property presents a rare opportunity to own a piece of Virginia history in an idyllic countryside location.

Rare opportunity to acquire approximately 123 acres spanning both Albemarle and Fluvanna Counties in the desirable Keswick area, where large tracts of developable land are increasingly rare. The property consists of 56 acres in Albemarle and 67 acres in Fluvanna and offers significant long-term potential with up to several division rights . Four existing homes on the property currently generate rental income. The land itself is a mix of open pasture and gently rolling terrain, creating multiple attractive homesites throughout the property. A stream borders part of the Albemarle portion, while the Fluvanna side features elevated areas with potential long-range views for future homesites. A pond, established clearings, and the property's natural topography further enhance its versatility. With limited inventory of large parcels remaining in the Keswick area, this offering presents a compelling opportunity for a private estate, family compound, or thoughtfully planned high-end subdivision, all within convenient reach of Charlottesville, Keswick Hall, and the University of Virginia.

BRAND NEW FLOORS and Refrigerator to be installed before closing. Bright & Cozy 3 Bedroom, 2 full bath, One-Level Home on quiet street in Lake Monticello, a private, gated residential and country club community, featuring a 352 acre lake fed by natural springs and a tributary of the Rivanna River. The community offers five beaches, a full-service marina, a pool complex, tennis and pickleball courts, and a semi-private golf course. Discover easy living in this move-in ready 3BR/2BA ranch on a quiet, tree-lined street inside Lake Monticello’s sought-after gated community. Enjoy sun-filled rooms, large eat-in kitchen, an open, functional layout, and a large back deck perfect for relaxing or entertaining. The yard is beautifully landscaped with mature shade trees, plus an updated front porch, back deck ramp, and fresh power wash. A large storage shed adds convenience. Close to beaches, golf, and all of Lake Monticello’s amenities!

The Estate at Keswick Hall, with only 121 homes and home sites behind its gates, provides the opportunity to live the resort life all year long. Home sites range from 2 - 6 acres inviting classic architectural design, guided by the Design Review Board. There is a site for everyone, including those inspired by golf (newly designed Pete Dye Course - FULL CRY) views, lakefront access, and wooded tranquility. Purchasers are encouraged to select their own architect that will enhance the fabric of the Estate. Only 7 miles from downtown Charlottesville, the rolling hills and historic farm/estate setting are the perfect backdrop for Virginia Country Life with all the amenities of 5-Star resort living, private and secure.

The Estate at Keswick Hall, with only 121 homes and home sites behind its gates, provides the opportunity to live the resort life all year long. Home sites range from 2 - 6 acres inviting classic architectural design, guided by the Design Review Board. There is a site for everyone, including those inspired by golf (newly designed Pete Dye Course - FULL CRY) views, lakefront access, and wooded tranquility. Purchasers are encouraged to select their own architect that will enhance the fabric of the Estate. Only 7 miles from downtown Charlottesville, the rolling hills and historic farm/estate setting are the perfect backdrop for Virginia Country Life with all the amenities of 5-Star resort living, private and secure.

The Estate at Keswick Hall, with only 121 homes and home sites behind its gates, provides the opportunity to live the resort life all year long. Home sites range from 2 - 6 acres inviting classic architectural design, guided by the Design Review Board. There is a site for everyone, including those inspired by golf (newly designed Pete Dye Course - FULL CRY) views, lakefront access, and wooded tranquility. Purchasers are encouraged to select their own architect that will enhance the fabric of the Estate. Only 7 miles from downtown Charlottesville, the rolling hills and historic farm/estate setting are the perfect backdrop for Virginia Country Life with all the amenities of 5-Star resort living, private and secure.

Showcased as the 2025 Southern Living Idea House, “Keswick Springs” sits on five wooded acres within Keswick Estate just outside Charlottesville. Spanning over 4,900 sq ft, the home offers 4 bedrooms and 4 full-plus-2 half baths, blending traditional Southern architecture with modern livability. Designed by Rosney Co. Architects, built by Alexander Nicholson, with interiors by Charlotte Moss and landscaping by WaterstreetStudio, this property was created to inspire. A gracious entry opens to light-filled rooms including a refined dining room, library, chef’s kitchen with scullery and wet bar, and multiple areas for entertaining. The primary suite is a private retreat, while additional bedrooms and a snug studio offer flexibility for guests or work. Features include custom wallpaper, artisan-crafted millwork, and expansive windows framing garden and water views. Outdoor living offers deep porches, a screened porch, and terraces overlooking native plantings, kitchen gardens, fruit trees, and a tranquil lake with a meandering stream. Combining timeless design, quality craftsmanship, and a rare natural setting, Keswick Springs is both a Southern showcase and a private retreat, offering beauty and comfort year-round.

Set within the gated community of Keswick Estate, this 2.3-acre homesite on Club View Drive presents a rare opportunity to own along the course. Strategically cleared to frame views of the fairways and Keswick Hall beyond—overlooking Holes 12 and 15—this elevated parcel offers both privacy and presence within one of Central Virginia’s most sought-after communities. The lot provides a strong and flexible building envelope with attractive topography, ideal for capturing natural light, golf course vistas, and a sense of openness. Owners enjoy immediate proximity to the world-class amenities of Keswick Hall, including golf, dining, spa, and fitness facilities, while remaining just minutes from Charlottesville. An increasingly rare opportunity to secure a true course lot in Keswick Estate.

Lot 4 Club Drive presents an increasingly rare opportunity to build on the course within Keswick Estate, with direct frontage along the green of hole#2 on Full Cry—Keswick Hall’s acclaimed Pete Dye-designed golf course. Set on just over 2 acres, the lot features gently rolling topography and sweeping views, offering an ideal setting for a custom home. Located behind the gates of Keswick Estate—the residential side of the renowned Keswick Hall—this private community blends refined living with access to resort-style amenities. Property owners have the option to join Keswick Hall, with offerings that include fine dining, tennis, spa services, and a state-of-the-art fitness center. Just minutes from Charlottesville and the University of Virginia, Keswick Estate provides a unique combination of privacy, elegance, and convenience. With no required timeline to build, Lot 4 is a compelling opportunity in one of Central Virginia’s most sought-after enclaves.

BUILD YOUR DREAM HOME ON 4.9 ACRE LOT IN ALBEMARLE COUNTY! Discover the perfect canvas for your custom home on this serene 4.91-acre corner lot in the desirable Saddlewood Farms community. Nestled in the rolling countryside of Albemarle County, this buildable parcel offers a peaceful, rural setting just 10 minutes from downtown Charlottesville.? With no HOA restrictions, you have the freedom to design a home that suits your lifestyle, whether you're envisioning a private retreat or a family estate. The property's gentle terrain and wooded backdrop provide both privacy and natural beauty.? Enjoy the tranquility of country living while maintaining convenient access to city amenities, including shopping, dining, and entertainment. This is a rare opportunity to create your ideal living space in a prime location.

Solitude — Circa 1860. Exceptional Virginia estate sited on a private knoll on 20 acres of meticulously tended land. This stately four-over-four residence welcomes you with an elegant open entry hall, soaring 11-foot ceilings, and richly detailed, timeless architectural craftsmanship. Graceful indoor/outdoor living is featured throughout: expansive main‑floor porches and upper balconies frame views of mature specimen trees and new plantings, creating an ideal country retreat or a striking venue for gatherings and events. The main living, dining and library/office flow in a gracious circular plan—excellent for entertaining—while the main‑floor primary suite opens directly to secluded outdoor living spaces. A thoughtfully appointed gourmet kitchen and sunny breakfast room occupy the rear of the home, fully outfitted for everyday comfort and large-scale hospitality. The lower level reveals a rare brick‑walled tavern room dating to the mid‑1700s, connected to a cozy private theater—a remarkable blend of history and modern amenity. The house has been exquisitely maintained, sensitively remodeled and updated to offer all of today’s conveniences without compromising period character. The property includes a handsome barn, currently used for workshop and storage, and plenty of room for expansion. Ideally located just 5 minutes from the charming town of Palmyra and approximately 15 miles from Charlottesville via the scenic Thomas Jefferson Parkway. A contiguous 26 acre parcel is available, which has just been reforested and planted in native trees. A rare offering for the buyer seeking historic integrity, privacy, and turnkey country elegance. Contact for private showing and additional property details.

Solitude — Circa 1860. An exceptional Virginia estate sited on a private knoll overlooking 46+ acres of meticulously tended land. This stately four-over-four residence welcomes you with an elegant open entry hall, soaring 11-foot ceilings, and richly detailed, timeless architectural craftsmanship. Graceful indoor/outdoor living is featured throughout: expansive main‑floor porches and upper balconies frame views of mature specimen trees and new plantings, creating an ideal country retreat or a striking venue for gatherings and events. The main living, dining and library/office flow in a gracious circular plan—excellent for entertaining—while the main‑floor primary suite opens directly to secluded outdoor living spaces. A thoughtfully appointed gourmet kitchen and sunny breakfast room occupy the rear of the home, fully outfitted for everyday comfort and large-scale hospitality. The lower level reveals a rare brick‑walled tavern room dating to the mid‑1700s, connected to a cozy private theater—a remarkable blend of history and modern amenity. The house has been exquisitely maintained, sensitively remodeled and updated to offer all of today’s conveniences without compromising period character. The property includes a handsome barn, currently used for workshop and storage, and plenty of room for expansion. Ideally located just 5 minutes from the charming town of Palmyra and approximately 15 miles from Charlottesville via the scenic Thomas Jefferson Parkway. The property is offered in two parcels totaling 46 acres. The 20 acres including the house and barn and the contiguous 26 acres. The 26 acre parcel has just been reforested and planted in native trees. A rare offering for the buyer seeking historic integrity, privacy, and turnkey country elegance. Contact for private showing and additional property details.

Wilmington Farm is a beautifully restored country property offering historic character, modern comfort, and approximately 65 acres in Fluvanna County. Originally built in 1890 and completely renovated in 2025, the three bedroom, two bath farmhouse has been thoughtfully reimagined while retaining the warmth and charm of its past. Inviting living spaces and updated interiors create a home that feels both timeless and comfortable. Beyond the residence, the land offers an exceptional mix of open crop acreage, mature woods, and a large pond, providing a beautiful setting for farming , recreation, hunting, fishing, or simply enjoying the privacy of the countryside. A detached garage accommodates a large vehicle and offers additional space for equipment, storage, or workshop use. Wilmington Farm offers a peaceful country setting just approximately 40 minutes from Charlottesville. With its beautifully renovated historic farmhouse, expansive pond, wooded acreage, and productive fields, the property presents a distinctive opportunity to enjoy the very best of Central Virginia farm living.

Just 10 minutes from Charlottesville, Milton Farm spans 54 acres of rolling countryside with a well-designed estate and exceptional amenities. The nearly 8,000 sq. ft. main residence includes five bedrooms, six baths, and generous indoor and outdoor living spaces. The pool, hot tub, and pool house offer a perfect space for entertaining, complemented by expansive patios and landscaped grounds. Three cottages provide ample guest accommodation or rental opportunities. A detached three-car garage includes an upper-level suite, perfect for an office, gym, or private guest retreat. Equestrian facilities include a three-stall barn, a run-in shed, a large paddock, and an outdoor riding ring. An equipment and tractor shed offers convenient storage. The property has two ponds—one located in the paddock and the other stocked, featuring a dock and bubbler for private use. Recreational amenities feature a lighted sport court for pickleball and basketball, a sunken firepit, and wooded trails for walking, running, or riding. Openfields and wooded areas create a balance of usable land and natural beauty. Milton Farm offers a rare mix of comfort, space, and prime location—with easy access to UVA, Downtown, I64 & Keswick Hall.

Tucked away on a quiet, tree-lined street, 219 Duke Street offers a rare opportunity to create something truly special. Full of charm and character, this in-town property feels like a peaceful retreat with mature landscaping, private outdoor spaces, and a serene setting that is hard to find. Three secluded patio areas provide the perfect backdrop for gardening, entertaining, or simply enjoying the natural surroundings. Inside, the home features a flexible layout with two primary suites — one conveniently located on the main level and another upstairs — each with its own full bath. The open-concept living spaces are enhanced by soaring cathedral ceilings in the living room, creating an airy and inviting atmosphere, while ceiling fans throughout add comfort and functionality. Additional highlights include a farmhouse-style eat-in kitchen, sun-filled sunroom, loft space, and spacious living areas with endless potential to reimagine and personalize. While the home is in need of updates and some TLC, the bones, setting, and layout create an incredible canvas for renovation or restoration. Whether you are looking for a primary residence, investment opportunity, or project with long-term upside, this hidden gem offers privacy, location.

To Be Built: This thoughtfully designed modern city cottage offers rare flexibility in an unbeatable walkable Charlottesville location. Spanning two levels with mirrored layouts, the home features 4 bedrooms and 4 bathrooms, creating exceptional versatility for multi-generational living. Reside in one level while renting the other, or enjoy the full residence as a single-family home. An open-concept design and expansive glass walls flood the interiors with natural light and create a seamless connection between indoor and outdoor living. Covered outdoor spaces extend the living area year -round, ideal for entertaining or unwinding in a private urban setting. Stylish, efficient, and highly versatile, this home is perfectly suited for homeowners, investors, or those seeking long-term flexibility, blending modern architecture, smart planning, and city convenience into one compelling offering.

Beautiful brick 4/2 - Ready to Move-In and Priced to Move! Set on a gracious half-acre in one of the Rio area’s most established neighborhoods, this beautifully updated brick residence pairs timeless character with thoughtful, recent refinements. Refinished hardwood floors and a fresh interior create a warm, light-filled main level, while a new roof, new HVAC, and new windows offer genuine peace of mind for years to come. The main floor flows easily from living room to dining room to kitchen, anchored by a brick, wood-burning fireplace, with a primary bedroom and two additional bedrooms completing the level. Below, a finished lower level — with its own fireplace, family room, two bedrooms, and full bath — significantly expands the living space, ideal for multigenerational living, a private guest suite, or flexible future use. New ceiling fans throughout in 2025. Outside, a private deck overlooks a nearly level, tree-lined lot backing to a peaceful wooded buffer, a rare find this close to town. Ready for memories, the Woodbrook location places residents minutes from Rio Road’s shops and dining, with easy reach of downtown Charlottesville. A polished, move-in-ready home in a setting that rarely comes available.

Beautifully updated split-level home in the desirable Terrybrook neighborhood, conveniently located just minutes from Hollymead Town Center and NGIC. Tucked away on a quiet cul-de-sac and elevated above the road, this inviting property offers excellent curb appeal with a freshly painted exterior and welcoming front porch. Extensively renovated throughout, this move-in-ready home features a new roof, new windows, brand-new kitchen, and comprehensive interior updates. The main level offers a spacious living room and easy access to the new rear deck overlooking the private backyard. All 3 bedrooms are located upstairs, including a primary suite with private bath. The walkout lower level features a large family room with cozy wood-burning fireplace, an additional full bathroom, and laundry room complete with new washer and dryer. Additional improvements include extensive tree work and landscaping to open up the yard, plus a recently serviced septic system with a new distribution box installed and a clean bill of health. Set on a peaceful 1-acre lot in a sought-after Albemarle County neighborhood, this turnkey property offers privacy, convenience, and modern updates throughout.

Introducing an extraordinary opportunity to own a family compound or to develop a small community of single-family homes. Riverview Farm consists of two beautiful homes each on their own lots, an additional four finished lots, and an additional two lots permitted by-right, all nestled along the Hardware River in the heart of Albemarle County. This property is ideally situated within the exclusive 5,000-acre Mount Ida Reserve, offering unparalleled proximity to Charlottesville's finest destinations. Just minutes from the world-renowned Trump Winery and the luxurious Albemarle Estate, as well as the Tasting Room & Tap House at Mount Ida Reserve, this exceptional offering seamlessly combines investment potential with the allure of Virginia wine country. Set against a backdrop of the Hardware River with views of the blue ridge mountains, Riverview Farm provides a rare blend of tranquility and convenience, situated close to downtown Charlottesville and surrounded by some of the region's most prestigious attractions. The main home offers 3,000 square feet of completely renovated space with 4 full baths and one half bath and has been thoughtfully designed for both elegance and functionality. The guest home of 2,100 square feet, offering 4 bedrooms, 2.5 baths, an attached 2-car garage, a 20 x 12 deck, and an 1,100-square-foot unfinished walk-out basement, roughed-in for an additional bedroom and bathroom. Both homes are constructed of high quality materials offering low maintenance features such as hardiplank siding and porcelain tile flooring . This cohesive design simplifies management, making the property ideal for both residential and investment purposes. Beyond the existing homes, the assemblage includes four additional buildable lots and two by-right development rights on the remaining acreage, creating a total of 8 potential homes. Existing infrastructure, including underground electric and fiber, is already in place, streamlining future development. Riverview farm offers unmatched versatility: it can be operated as a traditional single-family home community or leveraged as a short- or long-term rental investment. The location's proximity to Mount Ida Reserve, which hosts over 50,000 annual guests, ensures consistent demand for short-term rentals. Historically, short-term rentals have proven profitable, with recent earnings for weekend stays fetching $3,000 each. Coupled with the income potential, the additional by-right development presents a unique upside for an extraordinary investment opportunity.

***NEW PRICE***MOTIVATED SELLERS*** Historic Charm. Exceptional Opportunity. Untapped Potential. Welcome to a place where front porches invite conversation, neighbors know your name, and life moves at a more thoughtful pace. In the heart of Mineral, Virginia—at the gateway to Lake Anna—this 1899 Folk Victorian home offers a rare blend of historic character, small-town charm, and everyday livability. From the moment you arrive, the home’s distinctive gable-front façade, decorative finials, and two-story front porch set a warm and welcoming tone. Bow bay windows fill the interiors with natural light, while original hardwood floors, crown moldings, chair rails, rosette-trimmed doorways, and a classic wood stair banister reflect the craftsmanship of another era. Recent improvements include restored original black walnut millwork; kitchen updated with electrical wiring, with each outlet on its own breaker; newly installed Comfort Zone window AC units in each bedroom, featuring Wi-Fi-enabled systems; and freshly painted covered back deck with ceiling fan and electric service. With historic character throughout--the layout is both comfortable and flexible, featuring three spacious bedrooms and inviting living areas ready to be enjoyed as-is or thoughtfully updated over time. The kitchen—anchored by a sleek 3-bay stainless-steel sink—offers a functional starting point for creating a space that suits a flexible lifestyle. Out back, a covered porch overlooks a generous yard framed by mature trees—ideal for quiet mornings, weekend gatherings, gardening, or simply enjoying the seasons. With approximately 0.52 acres spanning three parcels—including two vacant lots with road frontage and ample parking for a boat/RV/jet ski, the property offers room to grow, create, or invest at your own pace. Set along Mineral Avenue (Route 522) at the corner of W 5th Street, and zoned Residential / Light Commercial, the distinctive property is not subject to historic preservation restrictions. It offers the freedom to modernize, allowing buyers to reimagine it for future possibilities and tailor the home to their lifestyle and vision. Life here is refreshingly simple and connected. Stroll to local shops, dining, the farmers market, and Walton Park. Spend weekends on the water at nearby Lake Anna. Enjoy community events, friendly neighbors, and the charm of a town rooted in history and shaped by its mining heritage. --Whether you’re seeking a full-time residence, a weekend retreat, or a property with long-term potential, this is a place where you can slow down, put down roots, and make it truly your own. Don’t miss out on this rare opportunity to own a piece of Mineral’s history. Schedule your private tour and experience it for yourself.

Welcome to River's Edge by the Mount Ida Reserve. This is an incredible, 430 acre property only 25 minutes from Charlottesville, Virginia. Truly a once in a lifetime opportunity that offers a wide range of options and rare investment opportunities if desired.  Entering the property through a paved, private gated entrance lined with trees, you will shortly be met with sweeping pastoral views as far as you can see. The land has been meticulously maintained for decades, with mature oak trees, creek bottoms, and over 1.7 miles of Hardware River frontage. Wildlife is abundant, including deer, turkeys, black bear, and waterfowl. Miles of wooden cross fencing throughout the property, with multiple cattle waterers in place for those that desire livestock and grazing. This property also has the capability to be a world class horse farm if desired.  The main residence is a fully renovated, 12,000 square foot manor with 7 bedrooms and 7 1/2 baths, including a fully finished walk-out basement. The residence perfectly blends modern luxury with rusticness, paying homage to it's historic Virginia estate roots. Each room features elegant woodwork and trim. Grand dining rooms, wooden beamed bedrooms, multiple fireplaces, game room and home gym, and covered balconies all compliment the home. One side of the home features an incredible walkway that leads to a gazebo and dock on the pond. Adjacent to the main residence is a detached, fully finished guest cottage with 1 bedroom and two full baths and a kitchen. There is also a detached temperature controlled garage as well. Recreational activities on the property are endless. Residents and guests can enjoy a full tennis court, sand volleyball court, and even a private go-cart track. The main residence is situated peacefully on the property and surrounded by seclusion. Adding to the value of the estate are the existing investment opportunities. Firstly, the estate has 23 by-right division rights, allowing the owner to establish a high value subdivision and development if desired. A yield plan is already drawn for this development if requested. Additionally, there is a 5 acre vineyard that produces and contributes to annual profit.  The annual rental revenue is significant, with the property including a fully renovated 10,000 sq ft event barn  with catering areas, HVAC and other features. The estate boasts a farm winery license and Bed and Breakfast permit. The property is already established for weddings and corporate events with trained staff.  Additionally, the property also features two, recently rennovated, single-family homes for long term or short term rental income if desired by the next owner. These homes are along Blenheim Rd and do not share the private roads throughout the estate and manor, aiding in the privacy of the estate.  In summary, this is a stunning, world-class property that would be an incredible family estate, event venue, corporate retreat, or future development. The location is fantastic being just South of Charlottesville, the University of Virginia, and minutes from renown wineries.

Set on 102 acres just outside Charlottesville, Shack Mountain is a remarkably private estate where architectural legacy and landscape exist in quiet balance. Designed by renowned architectural historian Fiske Kimball and inspired by Thomas Jefferson’s design for Farmington, the residence reflects a rare level of intention—where proportion, symmetry, and setting are considered at every turn. Approached by a long, unassuming drive, the property opens to sweeping views and complete seclusion. The home itself is elevated yet restrained, offering a sense of permanence without excess. Light moves beautifully through the interiors, while each room maintains a quiet connection to the surrounding landscape. The acreage provides a setting that is both expansive and deeply personal—rolling land, mature trees, and a sense of calm that is increasingly difficult to find within such close proximity to town. Grand in its provenance yet intimate in experience, Shack Mountain is not simply a historic residence—it is a place to live thoughtfully, privately, and with a deep connection to both architecture and land.

The most significant offering of Albemarle County acreage to reach the market in recent years—529.65 acres with sweeping Blue Ridge Mountain views, over 12 acres of open water across multiple ponds and a lake, and a setting of scale and possibility rarely found this close to Charlottesville. The property includes two residences and is served by multiple entrances along Earlysville Road, providing flexibility for future use. Open pastures, wooded acreage, and expansive water features combine to create a landscape equally suited for farming, recreation, or a private estate of exceptional presence. Its location is unmatched—minutes to Route 29 North, NGIC, and the Charlottesville-Albemarle Airport, with quick access to UVA and downtown Charlottesville. A property that offers both privacy and proximity, ready to support the next generation of vision in northern Albemarle.

Cedar Plains Farm - 95 acres of rolling Goochland County countryside offering a compelling mix of open meadow, hardwood forest, and multiple ponds. The land carries genuine agricultural potential, with cleared acreage suited to pasture, crops, or equestrian use, and wooded sections providing privacy, mature hardwood timber, and natural cover for abundant wildlife. The varied topography offers several strong building sites for a primary residence or estate compound, with long views across the meadows and natural screening from neighboring properties. Zoned A-1 with frontage on Cedar Plains Road, an existing well, and four water troughs already in place, the property is immediately functional for agricultural use. A versatile rural holding in a part of the county known for its scenic character and quiet remove from Richmond.