luxury real estate for sale Brussels, Belgium (page 2)

Ideally located in the most desirable part of Avenue Molière, just steps away from the highly sought-after Place Brugmann with its quality shops, restaurants and antique dealers, this elegant mansion in French stone will appeal to lovers of character properties.Fully renovated with great care, the house is presented today in perfect condition, harmoniously combining period charm with modern comfort.Behind a beautiful carriage entrance, one discovers a spacious hall featuring a superb ornamental wrought-iron staircase.The ground floor offers, at the rear, a spacious and functional kitchen, while at the front there is an elegant dining room that can also be used as a reception office if desired.The first floor is dedicated to reception areas, with a beautiful, light-filled living room at the front, as well as a second room that can be converted into a family kitchen (technical provisions in place), ideal for both family living and entertaining.The upper floors accommodate the night quarters, comprising a superb master suite with dressing room and shower room, as well as four comfortable children’s bedrooms served by three shower rooms.Outside, a charming courtyard harmoniously connects the main house to an independent garage, on the roof of which a pleasant terrace has been created, offering a true additional living space sheltered from view.The house has retained all its high-quality original features:high ceilings with mouldings, parquet floors, elegant ironwork… all details that enhance its character and authenticity.The basement offers beautiful cellars, including a boiler room, a wine cellar and ample storage space. At the front, a versatile room with a shower room completes the property, ideal for a liberal profession, guest accommodation or independent use.A rare property combining elegance, generous volumes and an exceptional location, in the heart of one of Brussels’ most sought-after neighborhoods.

In the highly sought-after Collège Saint-Michel neighbourhood, right next to Montgomery, a superb mansion dating from 1922, featuring a beautiful façade of approximately 6.20 m and offering a living area of approximately 280 m². Set on a magnificent plot of approximately 2 ares 72, with no neighbours directly opposite, this property enjoys a particularly pleasant and unspoilt setting, as well as a lovely terrace. It comprises spacious reception rooms, a fitted kitchen, 4 bedrooms and 2 bathrooms.A garage and a parking space in front of the house complete this property. Energy Performance Certificate: G.

WATERMAEL-BOITSFORT - 'Domaine des Fougères' - Splendid DUPLEX APARTMENT (3 bedrooms/3 bathrooms) of 261m² with TERRACES, GARDEN and double GARAGE located in a privileged setting, nestled in a private park with concierge, on the edge of the Sonian Forest with all amenities nearby. Enjoying direct access and a beautiful view over the private park, it comprises, on the garden level, an entrance hall with cloakroom and toilet, large and bright 60m² living room with library area and open fire, 30m² dining room, large fully-equipped kitchen. On the same floor: master suite with bedroom, dressing room and en-suite bathroom. Second bedroom with en-suite bathroom. On the lower floor, a bedroom with its own shower room. Laundry room. Alarm system and security door. Light fittings. Shutters. On the ground floor: double garage and large storage cellar. Individual gas boiler. Wooden double-glazed windows throughout. EPC 'D-'. An exceptional property to discover exclusively with L&P!

UCCLE – Ideally located between Parc Brugmann and Parc de Wolvendael, in a sought-after and green residential environment, exceptional PENTHOUSE APARTMENT (4 bedrooms / 3 bathrooms) of ±326 sqm (PEB) featuring magnificent terraces of ±200 sqm surrounding the entire apartment and a double garage box (optional). Occupying the 7th and top floor, this bright duplex impresses with its generous volumes, harmonious layout and exclusive character. It comprises a spacious entrance hall with cloakroom and guest toilet, superb reception rooms of ±50 sqm with open fireplace, an elegant office or lounge of ±25 sqm, and a fully equipped kitchen with access to a more intimate terrace. The night hall leads to a spacious master suite with dressing room and full bathroom, two additional bedrooms, a fourth bedroom or office, and a bathroom with laundry area. All bedrooms enjoy direct access to the ideally oriented terraces, offering remarkable natural light and seamless indoor-outdoor living. Upstairs, a versatile space with fireplace cassette, shower room and kitchen opens onto a second terrace boasting panoramic views over the Brussels skyline. In the basement: double garage box and two cellars. Aluminium double-glazed windows, reinforced door, videophone, alarm system, sun blinds, quality materials throughout. Electrical installation compliant until 2031. PEB C-. A rare property with impressive volumes and exceptional terraces, offering a privileged lifestyle in the heart of Uccle.

IXELLES – Between Place Brugmann and Avenue Molière, in one of the most elegant neighbourhoods of Brussels, an incredible HOUSE (8bed/3bath) with GARAGE and GARDEN of over 600m², spanning two plots of land totalling 474m², with a magnificent 12m-wide frontage. Built in 1914 by architect Fernand Petit for his personal use, it has retained all its character and originality. Its neo-Renaissance architecture gives it a unique, almost timeless presence, with a blend of warmth, nobility, and authenticity felt from the entrance hall, leading to a beautiful staircase with stained glass and skylights. From the centre of the house are distributed a street-facing lounge, a guest area, and two living rooms, one giving access to the west-facing garden. A service staircase leads to the large garage (approx. 13m deep, courtyard, and access to the garden), as well as to the kitchen and Delft-style dining room, also accessible by a main staircase and an exterior staircase from the garden. In the basement, there is a large set of storage cellars with boiler room and a goods lift leading up to the rooftop. On the 1st floor, 4 rooms accessible separately (possible bedrooms, office, dressing room, family room), with 2 shower rooms. On the 2nd floor, a set of 4 rooms (possible bedrooms, games room, etc.), 1 bathroom and kitchen area. On the 3rd floor, attic storage and access to the rooftop terrace. Gas boiler. EPC G. Plans and urban planning information available on request (References CIT/URB/RU-2025/2158-RUA106/ 29 MMA and CIT/URB/RU-2025/2248-RUC106/ 29 JAR). Cadastral income house: €3349. Cadastral income garage: €153. A truly exceptional property to visit exclusively with L&P!

UCCLE, Prince d'Orange district, a set of two semi-detached HOUSES with GARAGES on a 54a96ca plot, located in an inner block, sheltered from view and set in greenery. Built in 2008, they are composed as follows: at 36D1, three-fronted house (2 bedrooms/1 office/2 bathrooms) of 203m² (EPB surface) and ±300m² built with GARAGE, CELLARS and TERRACE. At 36D2: three-fronted house (3 bedrooms/1 office/3 bathrooms) of 263m² (EPB surface) and ±400m² built with GARAGE, CELLARS and TERRACE. The two houses are two separate cadastral units: possibility to create a basic deed in order to split the ownership of the two houses on the land, which will remain jointly owned. Possibility of installing a lift in each house. EPB E. Individual condensing boilers (gas - 2020). Radiators and underfloor heating. Insulated facades, roofs and cellar slabs with 4-5cm insulation. Aluminium frames with double glazing. Electricity to be brought up to standard. Plans and planning permits available on request. Awaiting urban planning information requested on 12/06/2026. Total cadastral income: €10,303. An exceptional property to visit exclusively with L&P!

Voici la traduction du texte en anglais et en néerlandais : English Set back from the street, this prestigious property is ideally located in the heart of the sought-after Vert Chasseur neighborhood, on a superb south-facing private park of 26 ares. This three-sided villa with elegant architecture offers 833 m² of living space (according to EPC data). On the ground floor, the entrance hall opens onto a large space currently dedicated to a professional practice, including several offices, a guest toilet, and a service lift. This level has direct access to the spacious terrace and the garden. Once reconfigured, it offers exceptional potential for hosting large receptions at garden level, a separate dining room, and an inviting eat-in kitchen. The residential upper floors offer magnificent reception areas enhanced by original parquet flooring and a fireplace, including a double living room, a dining room, and a separate kitchen. The night area features 5 bedrooms. The 51 m² master suite has its own built-in dressing room, an office, and an en-suite bathroom. A second suite opens onto a large 27 m² terrace, complemented by additional bedrooms and several shower/bathrooms. The fully converted and bright basement is a major asset. It currently houses offices, cellars, as well as a sauna and a shower. These levels could easily be converted into an apartment, thus creating two units, which is already officially recognized by the urban planning department (two duplexes). The beautifully oriented park features, at the back of the plot, a charming cottage fitted out as a bar and party room, adjacent to a petanque court. Benefiting from an ideal location in immediate proximity to shops, public transport, and the European School, this exceptional property offers a unique opportunity for a high-end family project or a combination with a professional activity. Info & Visits: [email protected] - +32 488 78 24 80 Information provided for guidance purposes only and non-contractual.

In the heart of the Châtelain district and close to Avenue Louise, house with a gross surface area according to PEB of ± 377 m² offering four bedrooms and a pleasant garden ideally oriented. The house, completely renovated, opens onto an entrance hall which leads to the beautiful floor welcoming the living spaces in a row characterized by a ceiling height of more than 4 meters and overlooking the garden facing South West. A fully equipped "Bulthaup" kitchen open to the dining room, a living room and a TV lounge. On the first floor, the master bedroom with terrace, dressing room and en suite bathroom. On the second floor, a bedroom with terrace, office/boudoir space and shower room with hammam and on the third floor, two bedrooms sharing a shower room. An office space of ± 50 m² with plenty of storage, second kitchen and access to the garden completes the set. Others: laundry room, many integrated joinery, possibility of keeping some furniture, alarm, B&O audio system, solar panels, garage available as an option, PEB: C- Le Châtelain is known for its location not far from the city center and close to the Bois de la Cambre. It is full of restaurants, shops and its market is very popular. Easy and quick access to public transport (metro, tram and bus), with transport facilities and easy access to the surrounding towns. For any further information, please contact Corinne Thumelaire on +32 (0) 498 237 935

In the highly sought-after Fort Jaco neighbourhood, within easy reach of all amenities, an elegant villa designed in 1974 by the architect Marc Corbiau, then at the start of his career, and thoroughly renovated.Set on a magnificent south-west-facing plot of approximately 15 ares, the property boasts a garden originally designed by Jacques Wirtz.With approximately 550 m² of living space, the villa offers spacious reception rooms, six bedrooms and five bathrooms, as well as a garage.A remarkable property, combining architecture, generous proportions and quality of life in a privileged residential setting. Energy Performance Certificate: E.

Just steps from the Jardins du Roi and the Bois de la Cambre, in a characterful master house fully renovated in 2025 and divided into three prestigious residences, discover this stunning new duplex penthouse of 191 m² with a south-west facing terrace of 33 m², offering open views of a landscaped inner garden. A rare property combining historic elegance with refined contemporary comfort.Located on the 2nd and 3rd floors with a private lift, it boasts generous volumes, high ceilings, exceptional natural light, and soothing green views — a true haven of peace in the heart of the city.Features:3 bedrooms, each with en-suite bathroomSpacious living room with bioethanol fireplaceFully equipped open-plan kitchen with central islandHigh-end finishes and noble materialsExcellent acoustic and thermal insulationSolar panels, dual-flow ventilation, individual heatingAdditional amenities: private cellars, secure bicycle storage, and the option to rent a private garage opposite the building.Ideally located in a quiet, elegant street, close to the shops of La Bascule, top schools, renowned restaurants, and green spaces. Easy access to public transport and main roads.Information provided for information purposes only and not contractually binding.

Ixelles – Gallery District | Renovated Townhouse with South-Facing GardenBehind an elegant façade, this fully renovated townhouse offers a complete family layout, preserved period features and a south-facing city garden.The raised ground floor is arranged around a generously proportioned entrance hall featuring a wrought-iron staircase. To the rear, the fully equipped eat-in kitchen, fitted with an AGA range cooker, opens directly onto the terrace and garden. At the front, a reception room can be used as a library, formal dining room or study.The first floor comprises a reception room with wood panelling, as well as the principal suite with its bathroom.The second floor offers three well-proportioned bedrooms. One has its own shower room, while the other two share a bathroom.The third floor provides two additional bedrooms, a bathroom and a small kitchen, allowing for a more independent area for children, guests or staff.The extensive lower-ground floor offers several additional spaces, including a study, a large room that could be used as a gym, a shower room, as well as several cellars and storage areas.The house comprises six bedrooms, several reception rooms, a range of additional spaces and a south-facing garden, while retaining the architectural elements that contribute to its character, including the façade, wrought-iron staircase, wood panelling and original proportions.A private garage box nearby completes the property.Information provided for indicative purposes only and is non-contractual.

Idyllically located on the edge of Ixelles, just a short walk from Place Brugmann and Vanderkindere, this elegant apartment presents approximately 95 sq.m of living area on the ground floor of a beautiful 1930s building. The apartment stands out for its character, high ceilings, parquet flooring, spacious layout and connection with the outdoors. It comprises an entrance hall with cloakroom and separate WC, a spacious living room (approx. 46 sq.m), a separate equipped kitchen (approx. 9 sq.m), a large bedroom (approx. 17 sq.m) with built-in wardrobes, a second bedroom/study (approx. 7 sq.m) and a shower room. The apartment is in good condition, although it may require some repainting. It opens directly onto a roof terrace (approx. 60 sq.m) accessible exclusively from the apartment. While officially recognised in planning records, this terrace is technically part of the building's common areas; its exclusive use has been accepted for this apartment but is not formally recorded in the co-ownership deed. A private cellar is included in the sale. The building is equipped with an elevator and a communal bicycle storage area. The apartment?s amenities include a reinforced front door, intercom, double-glazed wooden windows at the front, and an electrical system that meets safety standards. EPC rating: E. Images of the interior design are provided for illustrative purposes only and are not contractually binding.

Located in the Prince d'Orange/Fort Jaco district of Brussels, close to public transport, shops and restaurants, this house presents a comfortable living area, a professional workspace and a garden. The ground and first floors are currently configured as offices, perfectly suited to house a private professional practice (doctor, lawyer, architect, consultant, etc.). Upon entry, you will find functional rooms suitable for use as a professional reception area. The first floor features multiple office spaces and a meeting room. The second and third floors are set aside for a magnificent, spacious and light-filled residential duplex. This home comprises a large living area (featuring lounge, dining room, office corner and terrace), an equipped kitchen and two ensuite bedrooms. The property also includes a double garage, a front garden and two parking spaces in front of the house. Generously sized rooms. Solar panels, air conditioning, alarm system.

Chant D’Oiseau – 6-bedroom house with 4 bathrooms, 3 terraces, garden garage and airco. Situated in a sought-after residential neighbourhood in the immediate vicinity of Woluwe Park and local amenities (park, tram, shops), this property, built in 1956, offers 423 m² (EPC source) of living space. Set on a south-east-facing plot of 4 ares 40, the property is characterised by its spacious rooms, abundant natural light and high-quality finishes. The ground floor opens onto a marble entrance hall with a cloakroom and guest toilet. This level features a 26 m² multi-purpose room, ideal for a home office or a professional practice, with direct access to a terrace and the garden. A garage with an electric door is situated on the same level. The upper floor is dedicated to the reception rooms. It comprises a 44.5 m² living with parquet flooring, consisting of a lounge and a dining room with built-in storage, offering direct access to the second terrace. Adjoining the living area is a fully fitted 25 m² kitchen with marble worktops, a dining area, a Smeg range cooker, a wine fridge and all built-in appliances. The two upper floors house the sleeping quarters. They comprise the master suite (19.5 m²), its fitted walk-in wardrobe (9 m²) and its en-suite marble bathroom – featuring a walk-in shower, bath and double washbasins. A second bedroom (11 m²) also has its own en-suite shower room. The top floor comprises two further bedrooms (13 m² and 11.5 m²), an office area and a fourth shower room. At the very top, there is a storage loft in the attic. The basement areas are practical and comprise several storage spaces - pantry, wine cellar, utility room and boiler room, with access to the outside. Facilities and features: • Reversible air-conditioning system throughout. • Double-glazed PVC windows, shutters and an alarm system. • Video intercom. • Gas heating – Energy Performance Certificate (E) (266 kWh/m²). • Cadastral income: €3,824. An opportunity combining period charm with modern comfort, close to green spaces and main roads. (Information and floor areas are provided for guidance only and are not contractually binding).

In a sought-after area of Saint Gilles, a stone's throw from the townhouse and the Parc de Forest, this magnificent mansion house with a gross floor area of approx. 400 m² was built in 1900. Completely renovated in 2006, the house has retained its period features, which blend perfectly with the modern finishes. The ground floor and lower ground floor comprise a double office/studio area, ideal for a liberal profession. On the first floor, the reception rooms include a lounge with open fireplace, a dining room and a fully-equipped kitchen. The two-storey sleeping area comprises a master suite with en suite bathroom and two bedrooms with separate bathrooms. Other features: possibility of professional use, laundry room, cellars, double glazing. The Saint Gilles town hall district is known for its location not far from the city center. It is full of historic houses, restaurants of all kinds, and shops. Easy and quick access to public transport. For further information, please contact Bertrand de Moffarts on + 32 475 944 508.

Place Brugmann – Exceptional Penthouse Creation OpportunityIn the heart of Place Brugmann, within an elegant stone-clad period building, a rare opportunity to acquire and combine a top-floor apartment with part of the former staff quarters located on the level above.The merger, already authorised by the co-ownership, would allow the creation of an exceptional residence of more than 371 sqm, offering volumes that are particularly rare in this sought-after neighbourhood.The project lends itself to the creation of expansive, light-filled reception rooms, impressive ceiling heights, a spectacular living space beneath the roofline, and a highly flexible layout providing at least four comfortable en-suite bedrooms.Balconies, a beautiful terrace and open views further enhance this unique property, located at one of Brussels’ most desirable addresses.A closed garage box located less than 50 metres from the building is included in the sale.A rare opportunity to create a truly distinctive penthouse on Place Brugmann, combining timeless elegance, exceptional volumes and the freedom to design a unique residence tailored to its future owner.

Avenue Louise – Unfurnished duplex penthouse with exceptional views and terracesIdeally located on the prestigious Avenue Louise, opposite the Jardin du Roi, this spectacularly spacious duplex penthouse offers a rare opportunity to acquire an exceptional property that can be personalised to suit your tastes.Occupying the top two floors of a high-end, perfectly maintained building, the apartment boasts generous proportions and enjoys breathtaking views from both the front and rear. Thanks to large bay windows and a dual orientation, light floods in throughout the day.The property is delivered in a technically finished state: all essential installations (heating, ventilation, air conditioning, home automation, electricity) have been carried out with care and in accordance with current standards. The finishes – floors, kitchen, bathrooms, cupboards and paintwork – are to be chosen by the future owner, who will be able to design a bespoke interior that meets their expectations. A finished version of the flat is available for €3,450,000 (including a kitchen worth at least €100,000).The two levels are connected by a beautiful internal staircase and each has its own terrace: one facing south, the other at the rear, offering sublime views of the city. Each floor is served by the building's lift, offering optimal ease of movement.An exceptional property combining location, architectural potential and freedom of layout - rare in Brussels.Possibility of acquiring a parking space under a carport or a garage box.

Opposite the Jardin du Roi, in a beautiful building on the 2nd floor, a very nice luxury apartment comprising a large living room, dining room, fully equipped open kitchen, laundry room, night hall, three bedrooms and two bathrooms. Beautiful rear terrace with a south-west orientation. Parking in option.Entrance hall, guest toiletLarge living room at the front, divided into three sections; parquet flooringFully equipped kitchen; laundry room; service liftNight hallThree bedrooms with cupboards and television screensBathroom with toiletShower roomCellarParking in option : 50,000€Gas central heating; underfloor heating in the reception rooms; radiator heating in the bedrooms Non-contractual information document

Located on the 9th floor of a well-maintained building facing the Jardin du Roi, this elegant apartment enjoys superb open views and excellent natural light. It offers a well-balanced layout including a spacious living room, dining area, fully equipped open kitchen, utility room, night hall, two to three bedrooms and two bathrooms. Two beautiful terraces (front and rear) provide a dual orientation, with the rear facing southwest.LayoutEntrance hall with cloakroom and guest toiletLarge front-facing living room divided into three areas (lounge, dining, sitting area) – parquet flooringFully equipped open kitchen with adjacent utility room – access via service liftNight hall leading to the bedroom areaTwo to three bedrooms (currently two bedrooms separated by double doors) – ample built-in storageBathroom with toiletShower roomCellarParking or garage optionalTechnical detailsCentral gas heatingUnderfloor heating in reception areasRadiators in bedroomsMain and service elevatorsTwo terraces: front ±20 m² and rear ±14 m² (southwest-facing)NoteInformative document, non-contractual.

Place Brugmann – Exceptional Penthouse Creation OpportunityIn the heart of Place Brugmann, within an elegant stone-clad period building, a rare opportunity to acquire and combine a top-floor apartment with part of the former staff quarters located on the level above.The merger, already authorised by the co-ownership, would allow the creation of an exceptional residence of more than 371 sqm, offering volumes that are particularly rare in this sought-after neighbourhood.The project lends itself to the creation of expansive, light-filled reception rooms, impressive ceiling heights, a spectacular living space beneath the roofline, and a highly flexible layout providing at least four comfortable en-suite bedrooms.Balconies, a beautiful terrace and open views further enhance this unique property, located at one of Brussels’ most desirable addresses.A closed garage box located less than 50 metres from the building is included in the sale.A rare opportunity to create a truly distinctive penthouse on Place Brugmann, combining timeless elegance, exceptional volumes and the freedom to design a unique residence tailored to its future owner.

Hamoir district — Exceptional duplex penthouse by Corbiau & François MarcqIn the heart of the Hamoir district, this remarkable duplex penthouse, designed by Marc Corbiau and completely reimagined by François Marcq, offers a rare combination of architecture, spaciousness and refinement.Accessible via a secure private lift, the flat centres around superb, light-filled reception areas: two living rooms, one of which features an open fire, a spacious dining room and a fully fitted kitchen with a central island. Generous south- and west-facing terraces harmoniously extend the living spaces and enjoy views of lush greenery as well as complete privacy.A separate wing, currently fitted out as a library and offices, could accommodate an additional suite or a staff flat thanks to its separate entrance.The sleeping floor comprises a spectacular master suite with a dressing room, en-suite bathroom and private terrace, as well as two further self-contained suites. On the top floor, also accessible by lift, a multi-purpose space serves as an office, fitness room or private lounge, complemented by a hammam.Two cellars, including a wine cellar, and three enclosed garages complete the property, one of which is fitted out to store nearly 3,000 bottles. Two additional garages are available as an option.Energy Performance Certificate: D.A rare property for lovers of contemporary architecture and exceptional finishes.This document is for information purposes only and is not contractually binding.

Roosevelt-Hippodrome de Boitsfort district, beautiful character flat in a 1949 building. Surface area +/-160m², beautiful living room with parquet floor of +/-45m², large fully-equipped kitchen, 2 bedrooms, bathroom, cellar and maid's room. + Garage included at €45,000. EPB: E

In the Châtelain neighbourhood, this mansion dating from 1903 boasts a rare presence: a façade measuring ± 6.65 m, an elegant carriage entrance and, behind it, an inner courtyard extended by a former coachman’s house in need of renovation.With a ± 694 m² EPC rating and a gross floor area of approximately ± 839 m², the property stands on a plot of ± 3 ares. It retains remarkable period features: an imposing stairwell beneath a glass roof, a series of generously proportioned reception rooms, and joinery and decorative details that bear witness to the refinement of its design.The property currently comprises six bedrooms, three bathrooms and a residential area complemented by approximately 189 m² of office space. Its spacious layout, organisation and outbuildings offer a wide range of possibilities for creating a high-quality residential, mixed-use or commercial project right in the heart of Le Châtelain. EPC GA mansion whose character has been preserved, a virtually blank canvas, suitable for both office and residential use, where its original refinement awaits the project that will breathe new life into it.

AUDERGHEM, TRANSVAAL neighbourhood behind Royale Belge / Mix Brussels, beautiful 220m² APARTMENT (4 bedrooms/2 bathrooms) with a lovely terrace and 2 balconies. Located on the 4th floor, it comprises an entrance hall with cloakroom and guest toilet, a spacious living room of approximately 65m² opening onto a large south-facing terrace and a spacious dining room. Fully equipped kitchen, 4 bedrooms (12, 13, 14 & 20m²), one of which has its own shower room and dressing room. One bedroom also has a private balcony. Three bedrooms share a bathroom. Laundry room & storage room. There is a cellar in the basement. Several parking spaces/boxes are available for sale, as an option. Individual heating. Charges ± £300/month. EPC: C - (138 kWh/m²/year). Electricity compliant. Discover this exclusive listing at L&P !

Located on the top floor of a small 1930s building in a vibrant modern neighborhood, this charming apartment presents 160 sq.m of living area. The property has been completely and meticulously renovated, and the high ceilings and restored moldings, marble fireplaces and period parquet flooring lend it a unique sense of character and elegance. It features spacious and bright reception rooms with views over the treetops, three bedrooms, two bathrooms, a fitted kitchen and four terraces. Additional facilities include three staff bedrooms, four cellars and a garage. EPC: F. Images of the interior design are provided for illustrative purposes only and are not contractually binding.