luxury house for sale Castelnau-d'Estrétefonds, France

House from the 70s, completely renovated, developing 225m² of living space, 7 main rooms, including 5 bedrooms, basement. On a 9000 m² enclosed park with swimming pool, poolhouse and box for horses with Toubin & Clément career. Amenities 5 minutes away. Its composition: On the ground floor, - Entrance - 43m² living room, solid oak parquet flooring, fireplace - Equipped kitchen of 18m² - Dining room of 13m² - an air-conditioned master suite of 25m² with bathroom, separate toilet and dressing room Upstairs, - 4 bedrooms of 33, 10 and 13m² - a bathroom - toilet In the basement, - double garage - laundry room - wine cellar - storage room Outside - 11x4 swimming pool heated by heat pump and secured by a glass barrier, equipped summer kitchen - Garden shed, (weather station) - A TOUBIN & CLEMENT career, - 4 boxes, saddlery, shower area for horses, kennel Park of 8917m² enclosed and wooded. Overall in good condition, roof, joinery and renovation in good condition. Services: central heating by heat pump, double glazing, septic tank up to standard, recent roof and windows, well for integrated watering, alarm, etc. Information on the risks to which this property is exposed is available on the website: www.georiques.gouv.fr Fees charged to the seller.

Characterful Toulouse property with a living area of approximately 242 m², pleasantly renovated with a beautiful façade of traditional bricks and pebbles, set in a magnificent green setting of about 2700 m² with a pool and pool house. It consists of a lovely living room with exposed beams, a fireplace, and a cathedral ceiling, directly communicating with the terrace and garden, an equipped independent kitchen, three spacious bedrooms, and upstairs a mezzanine opening onto the balcony to enjoy the garden, a second living space with very beautiful volumes and exposed framework. New geothermal heating, laundry room, and wine cellar, well. Fees payable by the buyer: 5%. Price excluding fees: €820,000. Fee schedule: https://www.realysmart.com/Content/Baremes-honoraires-RS.pdfThis description has been automatically translated from French.

When an artist's house is set up in an 18th century mansion, it adds a lot of charm to the elegance of the place. Nearly 700 m2 of living space, to be fitted out according to your needs, and decorated with gypseries, moulded beams, stone staircase and beautiful ironwork, terracotta... The patio and gardens add Italian accents to this gentle atmosphere. Garage and outbuildings will allow for further projects. ATTENTION au COUP DE COEUR...40 mn from Toulouse but all amenities on foot.

Located in Merville, this building of approximately 410sqm consists of a house and an adjoining T4 apartment. The whole has benefited from an exceptional renovation in a contemporary style. As soon as you enter the house, the volumes impress. It offers a vast living room of 190sqm including a swimming pool area. This sublime space has retained the charm of the old with its exposed beams, Toulouse brick, solid parquet flooring and high ceilings. Light reigns supreme thanks to the large roof windows and bay windows along the room. All of this gives access to the intimate garden without any vis-à-vis. The wood stove brings a touch of conviviality and warmth. An open kitchen naturally extends this space. The bedrooms are separated into two compartments of the house. On one side, a hallway leads to two bedrooms, each with a dressing room. A bathroom and a laundry room complete this part of the house. On the other side, two other spacious bedrooms are located around a second bathroom. The apartment is accessible from the side of the house. The renovation carried out is of the same ilk. The entrance opens onto the living room-kitchen, the central room of the apartment. There are also two beautiful bedrooms and a bathroom. A third bedroom of approximately 20sqm is located upstairs. A terrace and its summer kitchen have been fitted out so that you can enjoy the outdoor space in complete peace. It extends over more than one hectare and is protected from any vis-à-vis. Including a wooded area of 5400sqm is accessible at the back of the plot. Toulouse - Blagnac Airport 15 minutes away Closed garage and parking at the front Complete roof renovation in 2021 Photovoltaic panels Air conditioning ENERGY CLASS: B / CLIMATE CLASS: A. Estimated average amount of annual energy expenditure for standard use, established from 2021 energy prices: between EUR1,459 and EUR1,973 Information on the risks to which this property is exposed is available on the Géorisques website http://www.georisques.gouv.fr

Alexandre Liachenko is pleased to present this luxurious villa situated in the heart of the Toulouse countryside, tucked away at the end of a private lane, offering absolute peace on the edge of the woods and surrounded by nature. With an exceptional energy performance: primary energy consumption of 73 (rated B) and greenhouse gas emissions of 2 (rated A), this property stands out with an estimated annual energy cost for its 245 m² of only 1100 to 1540 euros. Set on an enclosed plot of 6,537 m², this exclusive estate offers top-of-the-line amenities with over 250 m² of refined and comfortable indoor living space. In the heart of a 300 m² terrace, two beautifully appointed gazebos await: one with a spa, air-conditioned lounge, and TV, and the other featuring a large BBQ, brazier, and plancha, all overlooking a remarkable swimming pool. Perfect for entertaining, this villa is thoughtfully designed for those who enjoy the finer things, ensuring complete privacy with no overlooking neighbors. Inside, the villa reveals a spacious entrance hall, a large living room, a dining area, and a billiards room. The expansive, fully-equipped kitchen is a true delight for culinary enthusiasts. On the ground floor, there are two suites, including a master suite with a connected bathroom designed by Bang & Olufsen, and a walk-in closet. Upstairs, two additional bedrooms come with a dressing room, a study, and a bathroom. For ultimate comfort, the villa also includes a large garage, a workshop, and a grand gate over 4 meters wide. Equipped with a geothermal heat pump system and featuring high-quality insulation, this property is designed with energy efficiency in mind. The gazebos are also insulated, ensuring comfort in all seasons. Photo portfolio available upon request Exclusive to HAMILTON 30 minutes north of Toulouse 3.5 km from the village 13 km from the Euro Centre toll

This is a unique property, set on a plot of nearly 3,000 m². Three distinct houses surrounding a central pool, with outbuildings and a landscaped garden. You can host while preserving your private space with independent entrances for each house. This property is an oasis of originality and assets, with a total of 302 m² of living space.The first house of 102 m² features an open kitchen that flows into a living room enhanced by a pellet stove. This bright living room opens onto the terrace and overlooks the pool. Solar panels supplement this house. The night area includes 4 bedrooms, two of which have direct access to the garden to enjoy the outdoors as soon as you wake up. A shower room and a toilet complete this first house.The second house was designed for hosting. Ideal for friendly gatherings. With a total area of 85 m², it has a kitchen and a living/dining room with a wood stove, creating a warm atmosphere in winter. Its entrance can easily be converted into a bedroom. Access to this house is also via the terrace adjacent to the pool. A second independent part of this house, accessible from the terrace, is a studio. It can serve as a workspace or an office for a liberal profession, for example.The third house, with 115 m², stands out for its large, bright oriental-style living room. It has 2 bedrooms—one on the ground floor that has its shower room and opens directly to the outside with views of the arches and the exotic garden. The second room is a mezzanine that enjoys a nice area, a small balcony with a railing, and a full bathroom. Although this house does not have a kitchen, a layout is possible, depending on your desires and projects.The charm of this property is expressed through the three houses that form a crown around the pool, which serves as the nerve center of the entire property.An outbuilding nearby houses the technical room of the pool, a kitchen, and a shower. A second outbuilding, about ten square meters, can be used according to your wishes: extra storage space, greenhouse for exotic plant lovers, winter garden, and so much more. These two outbuildings provide additional comfort to fully enjoy summer days.This property is fully enclosed and also has a pen that can accommodate animals. There is also a garage with an adjoining shelter. The fruit trees and flower beds add a touch of nature and serenity.Located in the small village of Fabas, just 30 minutes from Toulouse and Montauban, this atypical property combines the tranquility of the countryside along the most sought-after axis of the region! Each house, with its independence, fits perfectly into a harmonious whole, offering both intimacy and conviviality. Whether you are looking for a primary residence, a vacation home, or a rental investment, this opportunity is a must-see!You are:- 12 minutes from the liO train stations of Dieupentale and Grisolles- 15 minutes from Verdun-sur-Garonne- 15 minutes from Villemur-sur-Tarn- 20 minutes from Grenade- 25 minutes from downtown Montauban- 35 minutes from Toulouse-Blagnac airport. ENERGY CLASS of house 1 of 102m²: C / CLIMATE CLASS: AEstimated average annual energy expenses for standard use, based on energy prices in 2021: between 880 euros and 1260 euros. Information on the risks to which this property is exposed is available on the Géorisques website http://www.georisques.gouv.fr. ENERGY CLASS of house 2 of 85m²: D / CLIMATE CLASS: BEstimated average annual energy expenses for standard use, based on energy prices in 2021: between 940 euros and 1330 euros. Information on the risks to which this property is exposed is available on the Géorisques website http://www.georisques.gouv.fr. ENERGY CLASS of house 3 of 115m²: B / CLIMATE CLASS: AEstimated average annual energy expenses for standard use, based on energy prices in 2021: between 520 euros and 780 euros. Information on the risks to which this property is exposed is available on the Géorisques website http://www.georisques.gouv.frThis property is not a condominium.Commercial agent: Aude RUFFIN - EI - RSAC number 801 802 364Aude Ruffin (EI) Commercial Agent - RSAC Number: 801 802 364 - R.S.A.C. Montauban.This description has been automatically translated from French.

Located near the golf course of Seilh, on a wooded plot of approximately 2000m2, this beautiful and bright Toulouse-style house of 222m2, with obvious charm and quality features, is situated in a calm and secure environment. It consists of a large fully equipped kitchen, a spacious living area of about 80 m², and four spacious bedrooms, including a superb parental suite of 70 m² on the first floor with a dressing room, a bathroom, and an office. This space provides access to a beautiful private terrace overlooking the garden. A large garage completes this property. This property, in perfect condition, will turn your visit into a guaranteed favorite. Fees charged to the buyer: 5%. Price excluding fees: €950,000. Fee schedule: https://www.realysmart.com/Content/Baremes-honoraires-RS.pdfThis description has been automatically translated from French.

iad France - Sylvie CARBONNIÈRES (06 15 15 25 79) offers you: *** EXCLUSIVITY *** - Seilh, in a sought-after and very quiet residential area, large contemporary family home in "Toulouse / bricks & pebbles" style in PERFECT CONDITION with 5 bedrooms - 3 bathrooms - GARAGE - SWIMMING POOL on a fenced plot of 1050 m2.•• GROUND FLOOR ••• entrance with closet• large reception room with triple exposure of 53 m2, opening through a very large bay window onto the covered terrace and the swimming pool,• kitchen 18 m2 semi-open to the living room, equipped and furnished with storage/laundry space• office or bedroom 15 m2 with closet• separate toilets• directly connected to the house, garage 21 m2 with storage mezzanine•• 1ST FLOOR ••• suite No. 1 - 16 m2 - with large storage closets and its private shower room with washbasin and shower cabin• suite No. 2 - 21 m2 - air-conditioned, with large storage closets and its private shower room with washbasin and shower cabin• bedroom with storage closet• small bedroom or dressing room or office• bathroom with double sink, bathtub, and storage• separate toilets•• ITS ADVANTAGES ••Very quiet and sought-after residential area - near the Seilh golf course.Lots of charmVery functional houseExcellent maintenance conditionTriple exposure: EAST - WEST - SOUTHLarge paved courtyard for parking several vehiclesAutomatic gate – Intercom – AlarmSwimming pool secured by aluminum barriers conforming to CE standards - salt treatmentLarge lawned spacesNo overlookingVery large and bright reception roomRecent gas boilerHouse connected to the mains drainageDouble-glazed windowsSanded and vitrified parquet flooring (exotic wood)House fully repainted•• PRACTICAL LIFE ••• 4 mins from the Seilh Golf• 10 mins from Toulouse-Blagnac airport• Renowned private schools in the area: Annonciation - Le Ferradou - International School of Toulouse + public school (nursery and primary) in the municipality.• Leclerc Blagnac shopping center 10 mins away• Supermarkets in neighboring municipalities: Gagnac-sur Garonne & Beauzelle• Shops & local services in the municipality: bakeries – grocery store – hairdresser – florist – restaurants – doctors - dentists - physiotherapists - pharmacy…• Bypass to join Toulouse in 5 mins• Tramway to Toulouse in 5 mins• Highway to Montauban - Agen - Bordeaux - Paris in 10 mins.For more information, photos, and virtual visit, please contact me: Sylvie Carbonnières, independent real estate advisor, available 7 days a week, specialist in the West Toulouse sector: Seilh – Beauzelle – Blagnac – Aussonne – Merville – Gagnac-sur-Garonne – Lespinasse – Bruguières – Gratentour - Saint-Alban…Additional details are available on iadfrance.fr: Mandate 1596156N.B: In accordance with article l.561-5 of the monetary and financial code, please note that an identity document will be required for all adult visitors before each visit.Agency fees are the responsibility of the seller. Energy display information for this property: ENERGY class C index 145 and CLIMATE class C index 27. Information on the risks to which this property is exposed is available on the Géorisques website: www.georisques.gouv.fr. This real estate ad was written under the editorial responsibility of Mme Sylvie CARBONNIÈRES EI (ID 9845), independent real estate agent (without holding funds), commercial agent of SAS I@D France registered with the RSAC of TOULOUSE under number 499 155 620, holder of the real estate canvassing card on behalf of the company I@D France SAS.Find all our properties on our website. www.iadfrance.frThis description has been automatically translated from French.

Grisolles: come discover this large charming house in the historic center of the village on a through plot of 1135m². On the ground floor, we find an office and a living room (possibility to arrange for a liberal profession), then a spacious living area with a fireplace, very bright, leading to the terrace and the poolable garden, a game room, a library, a kitchen, a shower room, and a toilet. On the first floor, there is an apartment already set up as a gîte, and on the other level: a space with 3 bedrooms, a bathroom (shower + bathtub + double sink), a toilet, and a laundry room. This property also has many outbuildings: including an old winery, a greenhouse, a chicken coop, a small garage, and a parking space for three cars. Don't wait any longer to schedule a visit to this rare and charming home with numerous possibilities; it's a guaranteed favorite.This description has been automatically translated from French.

Abriculteurs offers you this magnificent individual house of 160 m² located in Grisolles. Nestled on a vast plot of 3,750 m², this property offers high-end amenities and a peaceful living environment, just 3 km from the village of Grisolles.Property Description:Surface area: 160 m² over 2 floors6 spacious rooms2 modern bathroomsLarge bright living roomFitted and equipped kitchenHeated and air-conditioned conservatoryExterior:250 m² of terrace with high-end covering (€30K)Pool 11.5 x 5 m with a new liner and dining area nearbyEquipped pool house3,750 m² plot, ideal for enjoying calm and natureProximity to vineyards, offering a pleasant settingLarge electric awning for more outdoor comfort10 parking spacesHighlights:Electric shutter with adjustable slats for optimized natural ventilationDucted air conditioning throughout the houseHeated and air-conditioned conservatory for year-round enjoymentHeated pool and water softener installedAbsolute calm while remaining close to amenities (only 3 km from the village of Grisolles)Technical Features:Surface area: 160 m²Year of construction: 2005Energy rating: CLand: 3,750 m²This property offers an exceptional living environment, combining space, tranquility, and quality amenities. Ideal for families or those seeking a haven of peace with modern facilities.For more information on the natural and technological risks to which this property is exposed, please visit the Géorisques website: www.georisques.gouv.fr.Interested? Contact Abriculteurs today to arrange a visit and discover the potential of this house in Grisolles!This description has been automatically translated from French.

Exclusive. Castelginest 15' from Toulouse 295 m2 architect-designed villa set in 1500 m2 of landscaped, fenced, not overlooked grounds. First floor: bright 65 m2 living room opening onto lush greenery, 22 m2 fitted kitchen with storeroom and adjoining laundry room. A 40 m2 single-storey master suite with bathroom and dressing room completes this property. 1st floor: 2 large bedrooms sharing a shower room and dressing room, as well as a multi-purpose space that could be used as a games room, workshop or attic bedroom. Plenty of storage space and possibility of creating a bathroom for the latter. A 90 m2 double garage with winter kitchen and DIY workshop complete this property. Outside, there's a 60 m2 covered south-facing terrace with plancha, a 55 m2 tiled swimming pool, a 42 m2 pool house with shower, toilet and checkroom, and a vegetable garden. Benefits: Heat pump recently replaced in 2022, reversible underfloor heating, electric shutters, central vacuum cleaner, alarm, integrated watering system and well for all outside consumption. Perfectly maintained house. Ideally located close to shops, schools and colleges, public transport to Toulouse and all daily amenities.

TARN-ET-GARONNE - BETWEEN TOULOUSE AND MONTAUBAN This vast mansion with 500 m² of living space is now and a home and an artist's studio. Located in the center of a small town, it would be ideal for a large family, a professional activity or as a guest house. The rooms are large and bright, and the neighborhood is very quiet. The property features two gardens, one of which is adjacent and enclosed by railings, so you can enjoy the charm of the countryside and the city at the same time. The overall structure is in good condition, but some refurbishment and insulation work will be required. Fees payable by the vendor. Energy class: E Climate class: E Estimated annual energy costs for standard use: between 7448 euros and 10,076 euros per year. Prices indexed to January 1, 2021 Information on the risks to which this property is exposed is available on the Géorisques website: www.georisques.gouv.fr

Abriculteurs offers for sale this 4-room townhouse of 96 m² over 3 levels located at 2 Place des Églantiers in Aucamville.This furnished triplex house is arranged as follows:On the ground floor:- A living dining room- A modern open kitchenOn the first floor:- A large master bedroom- A shower room with WCOn the second floor:- Two bedrooms- A bathroom- A separate WCThe house is complemented by a terrace and has air conditioning!Location:- Close to all amenities- College and school nearby- Several bus lines with the Favasse bus station 10 minutes on foot- 5 minutes by car from the Lacourtensourt SNCF train stationTechnical characteristics:- Property tax: €1,320- Energy Performance Certificate (DPE): CInformation on the risks to which this property is exposed is available on the Géorisques site: (http://www.georisques.gouv.fr/)Interested? Contact Abriculteurs to visit this property.This description has been automatically translated from French.

Very beautiful contemporary villa of 288 m² living space and 335 m² in total, on a landscaped plot of 1000 m² with saltwater swimming pool. The house consists of an entrance, a spacious and bright living room of over 90 m² with large openings overlooking the pool and the garden. The living area includes a living room, a dining room as well as an open equipped kitchen. On the night side, there is a master suite of 50 m² with a bathroom and dressing room, 4 large bedrooms, and 2 bathrooms. You will also have a cloakroom, a large laundry room, and over 65 m² of terrace. Automatic watering with well. Garage for two vehicles. Fees payable by the buyer: 5%. Price excluding fees: €750,000. Fee schedule: https://www.realysmart.com/Content/Baremes-honoraires-RS.pdfThis description has been automatically translated from French.

iad France - Florence Carles (06 51 04 04 86) offers you: Exceptional Villa THAT HAS STOLEN OUR HEART - Launaguet / Toulouse 10 rooms - 274 m² living area - Total area 342 m² - 3000m² of land I am pleased to present to you EXCLUSIVELY, this beautiful UNIQUE and RARE house on a wooded and fenced plot of 3000m² in the municipality of Launaguet. Contemporary from the 90s with generous volumes, it offers a decidedly modern layout with its entrance hall leading to the night area with 2 bedrooms equipped with private shower rooms, a custom-made dressing room of over 10 m², an XXL bathroom of 39m² with a vanity, a bathtub, and a spacious Italian shower. There is also a gym with a 6-person SPA, opening onto the garden with large sliding glass doors waiting for you to enjoy post-workout recovery! On the central wing, a separate fully equipped custom kitchen (which can easily be opened to the double living room) is a central feature of this villa with its quality equipment and materials (integrated NEFF fryer and microwave, American fridge, oven, combined gas/electric hob, hood...) leading to a terrace of over 50m². A staircase takes you to discover good wines with an air-conditioned wine cellar in the basement. On the right wing, a magnificent 77m² double-height living room with access to a mezzanine to host an office, a separate toilet, 2 other bedrooms with private shower rooms, and a terrace offering a panoramic view of the garden and pool. Regarding amenities: brick construction (zero drywall), underfloor heating on the ground floor (gas boiler) / reversible air conditioning / centralized store closing / centralized aspiration system, alarm ... The exterior is a rare gem with its wooded garden (2 wells for integrated watering), triple garage, 70m² pool house with its kitchen area and barbecue, bathroom, and toilet for hosting family and friends. And the pool? ILOE infinity pool with a wonderful Gazebo straight from Bali ... a joy for swimming with its atypical shape of 72m², saltwater, heated (reinforced liner, machinery in the basement with a recovery tank) On the doorstep of Toulouse, this beautiful villa is ideally located in a quiet cul-de-sac and is a 200-meter walk from the center of Launaguet / Schools and shops and 10 minutes by car from the Borderouge metro. The +: CALM / GENEROUS VOLUMES / BRIGHTNESS / QUALITY AMENITIES / TRIPLE GARAGE / OUTBUILDINGS that could be converted into a T2 / LANDSCAPED GARDEN / SPA for 4/6 PEOPLE / POOL AND TERRACES / NO OVERLOOKING I would be delighted to show you this lovely villa and assist you with your project, contact me from Monday to Saturday! Are you far from Toulouse? A virtual visit is available upon request. Agency fees are the responsibility of the seller. Energy display information on this property: ENERGY class C index 169 and CLIMATE class C index 22. Information on the risks to which this property is exposed is available on the Géorisques website: www.georisques.gouv.fr. This real estate advertisement has been drafted under the editorial responsibility of Mrs. Florence Carles EI (ID 73147), independent real estate sales agent (without holding funds), commercial agent of SAS I@D France registered at the RSAC of TOULOUSE under the number 920756707, holder of the real estate prospecting card on behalf of the company I@D France SAS. Find all our properties on our website. www.iadfrance.frThis description has been automatically translated from French.

Characterful Toulouse home, fully renovated with taste and quality materials.Located less than 5 minutes from Verdun sur Garonne, this beautiful late 19th-century house consists of: - on the ground floor: a large and bright 48 m2 living room with an insert opening onto a beautiful travertine terrace facing South-East, an independent kitchen, a bathroom, and 2 bedrooms including a large one of 28 m2 that can be divided into 2 to create a third additional bedroom, as well as a large cellar and a laundry room. - on the first floor: an elegant landing serves 3 bedrooms and a bathroom with separate toilet.Outside you will find a beautiful wooded garden on a plot of 1895 m2 with a swimming pool and integrated automatic irrigation. Additionally, a large closed garage that can accommodate 2 cars is sheltered from view behind the house.The house is located 3 minutes from the college of Verdun sur Garonne and less than 10 minutes from all amenities (supermarkets, school, village center with all its small shops).Fees included of 4% borne by the buyer. Price excluding fees 514,423 €. Energy class D, Climate class D Average estimated amount of annual energy expenses for standard use, based on energy prices for the year 2021: between 3650.00 and 5030.00 €. Information on the risks to which this property is exposed is available on the Géorisques website: georisques.gouv.fr.Your INNOVE IMMO advisor: Emmanuelle Peyredieu Commercial agent (Individual enterprise) RSAC 977570878 RCP 59661778. INNOVE IMMO, partner in your life projects.We inform you that, in accordance with Article L561-5 of the Monetary and Financial Code, an identification document will be requested before each visit.This description has been automatically translated from French.

In a remarkable setting overlooking its beautifully wooded park and small private pond, come and discover this mansion dating back to the French revolution, just waiting to regain its letters of prestige! This property, located opposite the heart of a village, offers 231 m² of living space, including a living room with monumental fireplace, three lounges, a separate kitchen, a study, four bright bedrooms, two bathrooms and three toilets. The exterior is equally impressive: the pool area with its terrace, kitchen and summer lounge promises long summer evenings with family and friends! The dovecote, on a plot in a natural zone, remains to be renovated according to individual needs and desires. Building land is available at the rear of the house. Just 30 minutes from Toulouse, this home is ideal for a working couple with a family or professional project, looking for a beautiful home with character to renovate to their own taste!

Stunning master house from the 1800s, with a living area of 531 m² on a beautiful wooded plot of 5000 m². This property boasts a prime location in the heart of the city and access to Toulouse in 5 minutes. Subtly nestled in a very beautiful wooded park, this property benefits not only from an exceptional and preserved living environment but also from the immediate proximity to all the necessary services for daily life: shopping center, middle school, transport. It consists of a living room, a dining room, a kitchen, an office, 7 bedrooms, and 124 m² of fully convertible attic space. Renovations expected. Fees to be borne by the buyer: 4%. Price excluding fees: €1,650,000. Fee schedule: https://www.realysmart.com/Content/Baremes-honoraires-RS.pdfThis description has been automatically translated from French.

AUCAMVILLE hyper center, a property complex consisting of two high-end type 3 apartments on the first floor, and commercial premises used as a pharmacy on the ground floor, as well as two parking spaces, close to all amenities.This description has been automatically translated from French.