luxury house for sale Cambes-en-Plaine, France

10MN CAEN NORTH CITY BUS-MATHIEU ONLY AT FLO IMMOBILIER RARE- In a highly sought-after commune with all shops within 100 meters, architect-designed house of 307m2 on a plot of 2682m2 outside a subdivision. Entrance, cloakroom, large living areas including one with a fireplace, master suite on the ground floor, office, very large kitchen with dining area, laundry room, pantry, toilet. Upstairs: office, large mezzanine, 3 bedrooms with shower room, toilet. Small renovated stone outbuilding (independent studio of 22m2). Garden shed and storage room of 20m2. Beautiful landscaped garden in a quiet and well-exposed area, storage shed, large parking, boiler room. Original and very bright house. Possible evolution and extension. There is also the possibility to acquire an additional area of 100m2 adjacent with a plot of 593m2 if necessary. A must-see! Fees included of 5.38% charged to the buyer. Price excluding fees €930,000. Energy class D, Climate class D Estimated average annual energy costs for standard usage, based on 2021 energy prices: between €2600.00 and €3570.00. Information about the risks to which this property is exposed is available on the Géorisques website: georisques.gouv.fr.This description has been automatically translated from French.

Sole agent BARNES Barnes is listing this stunning, energy-efficient, custom-built house dating from 2006, located right next to Caen and the beaches of the Côte de Nacre, and set in a quiet, wooded area with no overlook. The house, built in 2006, has been the subject of excellent construction choices earning it a B EPC rating (Geothermal energy, wood/aluminium frames, underfloor heating, traditional construction/red cedar cladding with air pocket). Ground floor: entrance hall with closet and guest toilet, fitted and equipped kitchen with pantry and linen room, dining room and bright living room with fireplace opening onto south-west-facing terrace. Mezzanine floor: spacious play room (billiards/TV) and an interior cellar. Half-floor: master bedroom with walk-in wardrobe, bathroom with shower and private terrace. 1st floor: large, bright landing, bedroom with walk-in wardrobe and bathroom, 2 bedrooms (one with mezzanine), shower room with Sauna/Hammam and separate toilet. Outside: 3,600m² (38,750 sq ft) enclosed, landscaped, wooded garden including 2 outbuildings, one of which has glazed panels, and a double carport. Energy-efficient country house nestling in a leafy setting near Caen and the sea. Barnes Normandie, Premium Real Estate specialist From Caen to Bayeux - From Ouistreham to Port en Bessin!!! Fees payable by the seller - Estimated amount of annual energy costs for standard use: €1,940 ~ €2,670 - Christophe Lhomme - Sales agent - EI - RSAC 508 574 969 Agency fees payable by vendor - Montant estimé des dépenses annuelles d'énergie pour un usage standard : 1940€ ~ 2670€ - Christophe LHOMME - Agent commercial - EI - RSAC 508 574 969

Barnes has the exclusive listing of a lovely 212m² (2,282 sq ft) house built in Caen stone, fully renovated with taste and ideally located between Caen and the beaches of Courseulles and Luc sur Mer. The ground floor of the house has a hall with laundry area, a lounge/living room with fireplace, a dining room, a large kitchen with direct access to the paved terrace/garden, a toilet with washbasin, and a ground-level bedroom with cupboards and a shower room. Upstairs: A large corridor leads to four bedrooms, including a 25m² (269 sq ft) principal suite, a dressing room area, and a bathroom with bath and toilet. The 1,171m² (12,605 sq ft) parcel has a delightful garden facing south with no overlook and parking + garage. The house has undergone various renovation works (double-glazed windows, rendering, windows, electricity, plumbing, bathrooms, terrace, etc.) Barnes Normandy is also in the Côte de Nacre area! From Ouistreham to Port en Bessin, and from Caen to Bayeux! Fees payable by the seller - Christophe Lhomme - Sales agent - EI - RSAC 508 574 969 Agency fees payable by vendor - Montant estimé des dépenses annuelles d'énergie pour un usage standard : 2854€ ~ 3862€ - Christophe LHOMME - Agent commercial - EI - RSAC 508 574 969

New property exclusively at UNI IMMOBILIER!Rare on the market! SUBLIME PRESTIGIOUS T6 HOUSE of 300 m2 on a 1200 m2 plot with 2 swimming pools, 15 minutes from CAEN!Location: Biéville-BeuvilleDiscover this property through the owner's words:'I imagined, designed, and thought out this house in every detail to create a dream living space: beautiful spaces, high-end amenities, absolute comfort, high-quality materials. Everything is gathered here to live unforgettable moments with family or friends!'Highlights of the property:- High-end house built with quality materials- Two swimming pools (indoor and outdoor)- Absolute tranquility WITHOUT ANY OVERLOOKS!- Home automation- Latest energy standards: An energy performance certificate all in A!- Very spacious garageThis house consists of the following:On the ground floor:- 1 entrance- 1 large living area: dining room/living room/open kitchen- 1 game room or additional bedroom- 2 bedrooms- 1 indoor swimming pool- 3 toilets- 1 shower room and 1 bathroomOn the first floor:- 2 bedrooms, including 1 master suite with shower room and toilet1 large garage1 outdoor swimming pool1 pétanque courtJoinery: Double glazed aluminumType of heating: Heat pump - Underfloor heatingEnergy performance certificate: A(44) GES: A(1)Property tax: exemption for 2 yearsEstimated annual energy costs of the accommodation: between 1000 and 1400 eurosInformation on the risks to which this property is exposed is available on the Géorisques site: www.georisques.gouv.frPrice: 1,799,000 EUR FAIFees rate (charged to the buyer): 5.82% or 1,700,000 EUR excluding fees.Link to the listing with virtual tour:Direct contact:Tristan JENVRIN02 61 53 67 [email protected] announcement was written by the real estate agency UNI (SIRET: 908 382 542 00011) and by EI Tristan JENVRIN, founder and managing director of the UNI agency, independent real estate agent, commercial agent of UNI agency (Registration with RCS: 810 964 114 R.C.S CAEN).This description has been automatically translated from French.

Barnes invites you to discover this very elegant and bright, fully renovated, late 18th-century mansion with outbuildings, nestling in the heart of 1.3ha (3.2 acres) of partly wooded grounds, halfway between Caen and the beaches of Luc or Courseulles sur Mer. (2 hours 30 mins from Paris) The house offers 240m² (2,583 sq ft) of living space and comprises a dual-aspect entrance hall, a dining room with fireplace, a fitted and equipped kitchen, a large lounge, a small lounge and a separate toilet. A beautiful stone staircase leads upstairs to 2 large master bedrooms (each of which has an office/walk-in wardrobe and bathroom with toilet). On the second floor, there are two bedrooms, a shower room, an office and a separate toilet. (access to the attic). 280m² (3.014 sq ft) of stone outbuildings complete this property with no overlook, nestling in 1.3ha (3.2 acres) of peaceful, walled grounds with a wood and orchard. Fees payable by the seller - Estimated amount of annual energy costs for standard use based on 2021 energy costs: €7,707 ~ €8,890 - Information on the risks to which this property is exposed is available on the GeoHazards website: www.georisques.gouv.fr - Christophe Lhomme - Sales agent - EI - RSAC 508 574 969 Agency fees payable by vendor - Montant estimé des dépenses annuelles d'énergie pour un usage standard, établi à partir des prix de l'énergie de l'année 2021 : 7706.9258163045€ ~ 8890€ - Les informations sur les risques auxquels ce bien est exposé sont disponibles sur le site Géorisques : www.georisques.gouv.fr - Christophe LHOMME - Agent commercial - EI - RSAC 508 574 969

iad France - Séverine ROUX (06 14 91 38 30) offers you: 18th Century stone house of 200 m² on a landscaped garden of 5000 m² suitable for a pool.Discover this exceptional property, a magnificent 18th-century stone house, offering 200 m² of authentic charm on a wooded plot of 5000 m², ideal for installing a pool and even a tennis court. Nestled in the heart of a peaceful village, this property stands out for its character and tranquility.This beautiful bourgeois residence welcomes you right at the entrance with its warm living room enhanced by a fireplace. You will also find a bright dining room and an equipped kitchen, complete with a pantry, that opens directly onto the garden, providing a functional and pleasant living space. A toilet completes this level.Upstairs, the house offers three spacious bedrooms, a shower room, and a toilet. A light-filled crossing office provides access to the second floor. On the top level, a large cathedral-style bedroom reveals its magnificent exposed beams and includes a shower room with a toilet. Another generous bedroom, with its own bathroom and toilet, adds to the comfort of this residence.The adjoining wing of the house offers an additional bedroom with a shower room and a large room with sliding doors that open onto the garden, creating a harmonious link between the indoors and outdoors. This space also includes access to the cellar, a laundry room, and a heating room.Outside, a separate garage with an adjacent workshop and two sheds for storing tools and garden furniture complement the features of this property. The house benefits from a very nice exposure, bathing it in sunlight throughout the day.Located in the heart of the village of Authie, this property enjoys immediate proximity to shops, a nursery, and elementary school. A bus service connects to Caen located 5 km away and shopping centers in 5 minutes, while Carpiquet airport is less than 10 minutes away, without noise nuisance.For any further information or to arrange a visit, do not hesitate to contact me.Agency fees payable by the seller. Energy display information for this property: ENERGY class E index 270 and CLIMATE class D index 43. The information on the risks to which this property is exposed is available on the Georisques website: www.georisques.gouv.fr. This real estate advertisement was written under the editorial responsibility of Mrs. Séverine ROUX EI (ID 58324), an independent real estate agent (without holding funds), sales agent of the SAS I@D France registered at the RSAC of Versailles under number 900108754, holding the real estate canvassing card on behalf of the I@D France SAS company.Find all our properties on our website. www.iadfrance.frThis description has been automatically translated from French.

BARNES EXCLUSIVE LISTING - EXCEPTIONAL PROPERTY set in a quiet haven of green with no overlook on the outskirts of Caen and near the Normandy landing beaches Barnes Normandy is listing an elegant 19th-century mansion with outbuildings, garages and a caretaker's cottage set on enclosed wooded grounds halfway between Caen and the beaches of Luc or Courseulles sur Mer. This impressive building dating from 1870 in Caen stone offers a spacious, light-filled living space close to Caen. The main entrance, with access via a double staircase, leads to a living room with parquet flooring and fireplace, a dining room, a large kitchen with a pantry and storeroom, a laundry room and a guest toilet. First floor: landing leading to a library, master bedroom with walk-in wardrobe and bathroom, bedroom with shower room, office, separate toilet and attic. Second floor: 4 good-sized bedrooms sharing 2 bathrooms and separate toilet. Outside, the main enclosed and wooded 1-hectare park (2.47 acres) includes a caretaker's cottage (52m² or 560 sq ft) situated at the entrance to the property, outbuildings, 2 garages and a well. Barnes Normandy is also in the Côte de Nacre area! From Ouistreham to Port en Bessin, and from Caen to Bayeux! Fees payable by the seller - Estimated amount of annual energy costs for standard use: €5,627 ~ €7,613 - Information on the risks to which this property is exposed is available on the GeoHazards website: www.georisques.gouv.fr - Christophe LHOMME - Sales agent - EI - RSAC 508 574 969 Agency fees payable by vendor - Montant estimé des dépenses annuelles d'énergie pour un usage standard : 5627€ ~ 7613€ - Les informations sur les risques auxquels ce bien est exposé sont disponibles sur le site Géorisques : www.georisques.gouv.fr - Christophe LHOMME - Agent commercial - EI - RSAC 508 574 969

Barnes has the exclusive listing of a bright custom-built house constructed from a natural mix of bricks, wood and slate, in quiet surroundings, on the edge of the Caen-Venoix area. The house spans 240m² (2,583 sq ft) and features on the garden level a hall, a study with a cupboard, a toilet, a spacious fitted and equipped kitchen with a dining area, a back kitchen and a large and bright dining room/living room with an insert fireplace (terrace access/south facing). On the mezzanine level, a bedroom under the eaves with a shower room and toilet. On the first floor, a large landing leads to a master bedroom with wardrobes and a shower room/toilet, two other bedrooms, a bathroom and a toilet. On the basement level, a recently converted guest bedroom with a shower room and toilet, a garage, a cellar, a wine cellar and a technical room. Outside, a swimming pool (8mx4m (26ftx13ft)/depth 1.50m (5ft)) with travertine paving slabs, a tree-filled, landscaped garden (cypress trees, mirabelle plum trees, palm trees, etc.) and terrace (south facing). Fees payable by the seller - Christophe Lhomme - Sales agent - EI - RSAC 508 574 969 Agency fees payable by vendor - Christophe LHOMME - Agent commercial - EI - RSAC 508 574 969

In Normandy, in a quality setting just ten minutes from the center of Caen, this stone family home is set in enclosed grounds planted with trees and facing south. It boasts spacious, bright and pleasant rooms. On the ground floor, the large entrance hall leads to a study, a vast lounge-dining room with parquet flooring and a fireplace and access to the terrace and garden, a kitchen and a toilet. The first floor comprises a landing, three large bedrooms, one of which has a balcony, a bathroom with bath and shower, and a utility room with water point. The second floor comprises three additional bedrooms with sloping ceilings, a shower room and a toilet. The enclosed garden with its terrace spans approx. 500 sqm. A full basement and a detached garage in the form of a box complete this property. Michael Zingraf Real Estate Deauville is delighted to present this beautiful family home for sale, in a quiet, sought-after location just a few minutes from Caen.

On the outskirts of Caen, on the road to the beaches, we are delighted to present this elegant manor house with its distinctive pyramidal roof, flanked by a turret with braces and tall chimneys. Set in a square courtyard with outbuildings on three sides, the manor house has been superbly renovated, for the most part, and is made up of successive 16th/17th centuries recessed buildings. The main entrance leads off to the left into a dining room with a fireplace and a large contemporary kitchen (approximately 35 sqm), which has retained its superb fireplace enhanced by an audacious oval suspended wood-burning stove. To the right is a library and the large living room with herringbone parquet flooring and a remarkable stone fireplace (approximately 45 sqm). The elegant stone stairway leads to a study on the middle floor, five bedrooms, three of which have remarkable stone fireplaces, and three shower rooms (two of which require renovation). The second floor comprises a large room (approximately 45 sqm) and attic space with skylights. Heat pump, triple glazed windows, air conditioning and quality fixtures and fittings. The courtyard is complemented by an orchard. Set in approximately 8,000 sqm. Possibility of an additional plot. Good potential in the outbuildings. 2h15 from Paris and 10 minutes from Caen. Selling price: €1,940,000 Fees payable by the vendor Information on the risks to which this property is exposed is available on the Géorisques website: www.georisques.gouv.fr

5 minutes from the sea and close to Ouistreham, beautiful property of 18th century origin in the heart of a small village. The 206 m² house is complemented by a charming 60 m² perpendicular outbuilding, surrounded by a 2,200 m² enclosed garden with swimming pool and poolhouse. Two enclosed garages and three small outbuildings provide storage space for the gardener. The house is in good condition, with spacious reception rooms (fireplaces), five bedrooms, three toilets and two shower rooms. The annex house features a living room, kitchen, bedroom and recent shower room. The location of this beautifully preserved property, its living comfort and quality renovations, its protected garden with heated swimming pool, are the definite assets of this elegant ensemble. 10 mn from Caen and 2h30 from Paris. Selling price: 799 000 euros Fees at seller's expense Main house : Energy class : C Climate class : A Estimated annual energy costs for standard use: between €2,120 and €2,920 per year. Prices indexed to January 1, 2021. Information on the risks to which this property is exposed is available on the Géorisques website: georisques.gouv.fr House annex : Energy class: E Climate class: B Estimated annual energy costs for standard use: between €1,260 and €1,750 per year. Prices indexed to January 1, 2021. Information on the risks to which this property is exposed is available on the Géorisques website: georisques.gouv.fr

Barnes is listing a magnificent Californian Villa between Caen and the sea, in a quiet, natural and exclusive environment, sheltered from prying eyes. (2hrs 15mn from Paris, 10mn from the Ouistreham Riva Bella beaches and Caen city centre, near the Biéville-Beuville golf course and tennis courts). On the garden level, a hall with a cloakroom, a bright and spacious double-sized living room with a fireplace spanning over 100m² (1,076 sq ft), a fitted and equipped kitchen, a lovely master suite with a view over the swimming pool (bathroom and walk-in wardrobe), a large study and a converted utility/laundry room. Upstairs, a bedroom with a shower room, three bedrooms, a shared bathroom and a games room. On the basement level, a double garage for cars, a wine cellar, a large workshop, a boiler room and swimming pool room. Fenced, landscaped grounds spanning 4,021m² (43,282 sq ft) with a heated swimming pool (12mx5m (39ftx16ft) with a motorised cover, 1.30m to 1.70 (4.2ft to 5.6ft) deep with a counter-current feature), a terrace, a Koi fish pool and a double carport. Fees payable by the seller - Christophe Lhomme - Sales agent - EI - RSAC 508 574 969 Agency fees payable by vendor - Christophe LHOMME - Agent commercial - EI - RSAC 508 574 969

Family home of 317 m² in Rosel – Absolute Calm Discover this magnificent family home of 317 m² located in the sought-after municipality of Rosel, close to shops. This rare property offers a peaceful living environment, ideal for a family wishing to enjoy large spaces. Main Features: Living area: 317 m² Number of bedrooms: 6, with the possibility of converting additional rooms. Land: 2,470 m², perfect for relaxing and enjoying the outdoors. Double garage: Convenient space for parking or storage. Interior Layout: Ground Floor: Living Room, Dining Room, and Kitchen: A large living space of 70 m², bright and friendly, ideal for family meals. Bedrooms: Two spacious bedrooms of 20 m², offering the possibility of living on one level. Bathroom: Comfortable and functional, located on the ground floor. Laundry Room: Practical for storage and maintenance. WC: Separate for added convenience. Upstairs: Bedrooms: Two additional bedrooms, perfect for accommodating family or friends. Dormitory: A vast space of 51 m², which can serve as a bedroom or recreation room. Room of 46 m²: With the possibility of converting into a studio, offering numerous usage options. Shower Room: Completes the floor with modern fixtures. WC: Separate for more comfort. Exterior: Land: 2,470 m², providing a generous outdoor space for relaxing, playing, or gardening. Double garage: Convenient for parking or as a storage space. Contact: For more information or to arrange a visit, contact your AXO – Active Real Estate agent: Ludovic Finel (EI) Phone: 06 58 32 49 86 RSAC: 908.923.204 Caen Website: www.axo.immo (ref. 85002114955) Email: [email protected] Fees inclusive of tax are the responsibility of the seller. Information on the risks to which this property is exposed is available on the Géorisques site: Géorisques. Don’t miss this opportunity to acquire a spacious and bright home, perfect for a fulfilling family life!This description has been automatically translated from French.

In Normandy, a few minutes from Caen, magnificent stone chateau with outbuildings, built on an estate of nearly 6 hectares with park and woods. The castle has been entirely restored with authentic and high-quality materials. Built on two levels, with a surface area of approx. 475 sqm, it has beautiful and bright reception rooms with high ceilings and large windows. This ensemble is extended by a large glass roof with a fireplace. On the first floor there is a study, a master suite with shower room, a toilet and dressing room as well as two large bedrooms with bathrooms. The outbuildings have also been completely renovated to a very high standard. There are numerous garages specially adapted for classic cars, a huge games room, a guest flat, a caretaker's flat… 9 boxes and a walking wood complete this property for the horse lovers. Built on a 6-hectare estate, the property has a beautiful landscaped park planted with century-old trees, flowers, a 3-hectare wood for walking, a vegetable garden, an orchard, and much more.

Barnes is listing a loft-style house in Caen laid out over two levels, with a charming terrace planted with trees and fitted with a spa. Ground floor: entrance hall, fitted and equipped kitchen opening onto the living room, master suite with walk-in wardrobe and shower room, laundry room, guest toilet. Upstairs: office, 4 bedrooms (one of which has a shower room), bathroom and toilet. The property includes a large garage. Fees payable by the seller Agency fees payable by vendor

*** EMMANUEL GUILLOT AXO L'IMMOBILIER ACTIF *** offers for sale this magnificent house built by GER with 5 bedrooms, with single-storey living on a 1500 m² plot. Come and discover this stunning house from 2010 at the gates of Caen (15 minutes from the center) in Cairon, at the end of a cul-de-sac, quiet, sheltered from view with a view of the countryside. On the ground floor, you have a living room of 57 m², a veranda, a back kitchen, a master suite of 24 m² with its bathroom (bathtub and shower) and its dressing room, and a separate toilet. On the first floor: A large mezzanine leading to 4 bedrooms, a shower room, and a separate toilet. There is the possibility to create an additional shower room, thus creating a second master suite. This property features underfloor heating on the ground floor and electric convectors on the first floor, a natural slate roof, a tiled terrace of over 60 m² with an awning. An insulated garage of 30 m², with a paved courtyard. Property tax: €1400. Contact Emmanuel GUILLOT at 06 62 57 52 41, AXO - L'immobilier Actif, Employee Real Estate Negotiator. More information on www.axo.immo (ref. 85002106727) and [email protected]. All fees are inclusive and charged to the seller. Information on the risks to which this property is exposed is available on the Géorisques site: https://www.georisques.gouv.fr/This description has been automatically translated from French.

EMMANUEL GUILLOT AXO ACTIVE REAL ESTATE ** A 317m² house with 6 bedrooms, with the possibility of adding extra rooms. A magnificent family home in a quiet location. This house is located in Rots, a highly sought-after municipality near shops. It consists of a living room, a dining room, and a kitchen, all with a total area of 70m². It offers the possibility to live on the ground floor thanks to its two 20m² bedrooms and its bathroom on the ground floor. The ground floor also includes a laundry room and a toilet. Upstairs are two bedrooms, a 51m² dormitory, and a 46m² room that could be converted into a studio. Finally, on the upper floor, there is a shower room and a toilet. This property has an exterior of 2,470m², providing an ideal space to relax. This house also includes a double garage. Contact Emmanuel GUILLOT at 06 62 57 52 41, AXO - Active Real Estate, Employee Real Estate Negotiator. More information at www.axo.immo (ref. 85002107061) and [email protected]. Fees including VAT charged to the seller. Information on the risks to which this property is exposed is available on the Géorisques website: https://www.georisques.gouv.fr/This description has been automatically translated from French.

Ludovic Finel - AXO L'Immobilier Actif offers you this magnificent house built in 2010 by the builder GER, located in a calm and preserved environment, out of sight, at the end of a cul-de-sac. With breathtaking views of the surrounding countryside and a non-buildable plot of 1500 m², this property combines tranquility with modern comfort just 10 minutes from the center of Caen. Main characteristics: Plot area: 1500 m² Year of construction: 2010 Location: Cairon, 10 minutes from the center of Caen Interior layout: Ground floor: Bright living room of 57 m². Light-filled veranda. Practical utility room. Parental suite of 24 m² with bathroom (bathtub and shower) and dressing room. Separate WC. Upper floor: Mezzanine serving 4 bedrooms. Shower room and separate WC. Possibility to arrange a second shower room to create a second parental suite. Equipment: Underfloor heating on the ground floor and electric convectors upstairs. Natural slate roof. Tiled terrace of over 60 m², equipped with a retractable awning. Insulated garage of 30 m². Paved courtyard. Property tax: €1400. Contact: For more information or to arrange a visit, contact Ludovic FINEL at 06 58 32 49 86, AXO - L'immobilier Actif, RSAC 908.923.204 Caen. More information available at www.axo.immo (ref. 85002113787) or at the address: [email protected]. Information regarding the risks associated with this property is available on the Géorisques website: www.georisques.gouv.fr. All fees including VAT borne by the seller. Website: www.axo.immo (ref. 85002106727) Email: [email protected] All fees including VAT borne by the seller. For more information on the risks this property is subject to, please consult the Géorisques website.This description has been automatically translated from French.

** EMMANUEL GUILLOT AXO L'IMMOBILIER ACTIF ** House of 317m² with 6 bedrooms having the possibility of adding extra rooms. Magnificent family home in a quiet area. This house is located in the Rots sector, a highly sought-after municipality, close to shops. It consists of a living room, dining room, and kitchen all with a surface area of 70m². It offers the possibility of living on one level thanks to its two 20m² bedrooms as well as its bathroom on the ground floor. The ground floor also includes a laundry room and a WC. Upstairs there are two bedrooms, a dormitory of 51 m², and a room of 46m² that can be converted into a studio. Finally, upstairs there is a shower room and a WC. This property includes an exterior of 2,470m², which offers an ideal space for relaxation. This house also has a double garage. Contact Emmanuel GUILLOT at 06 62 57 52 41, AXO - L'immobilier Actif, Real Estate Negotiator. More information at www.axo.immo (ref. 85002107061) and [email protected]. Fees included, seller's charge. Information about the risks this property is exposed to is available on the Géorisques website: https://www.georisques.gouv.fr/This description has been automatically translated from French.