luxury houses with pool for sale Morocco (page 18)

Wekan is pleased to present this charming villa with a traditional design, located on a magnificent plot of 9,570 m2, where mature and varied vegetation, including multiple palm trees, many citrus and fruit trees, bougainvillea and laurels , create a lush ambiance. The villa is ideally located just 30 minutes from Marrakech, on the famous panoramic road of Ourika, offering an extraordinary and unobstructed view of the majestic Atlas Mountains. The building consists of a large space on the ground floor, including a living room with fireplace, a Moroccan living room and a dining room, all overlooking the swimming pool. A bedroom on the ground floor has direct access to the garden, while two bedrooms upstairs, one of which has a dressing room, have access to a roof-top offering a panoramic view of the property. . Each bedroom has its own bathroom. Two outdoor pavilions near the swimming pool each offer a large bright bedroom decorated with their brick fireplaces and their tadlakt bathrooms. The villa of traditional architectural design favors privacy and showcases local building materials such as zellige, cement tiles, bejmat, tadlakt and charming tataoui ceilings. The swimming pool offers two pools accessible to both children and adults. A beldi hammam contributes to the comfort of the occupants, while the pétanque court is ideal for relaxing with friends. The garden is generously supplied with water thanks to a well. House staff also have their own accommodation. A superb Berber tent completes the landscape of this charming villa, adding a touch of authenticity and thus offering an additional space conducive to relaxation. Do not miss this unique opportunity to acquire a charming villa with a VNA and which will be able to meet both private occupation expectations and commercial prospects whose assets will seduce the many tourists wishing to discover Marrakech and its close periphery. Contact us now to arrange a visit and discover all the details of this magnificent property.

Located just 20 minutes from the famous red city of Marrakech, this magnificent residence is on the prestigious road to Ouarzazate, just 10 minutes from the most beautiful golf courses in the ocher city and the famous Le Mandarin Oriental hotel. This property offers an exceptional setting, combining charm and character while being part of a 6-hectare condominium. The high quality services and the materials used, respecting the wide range of Moroccan architectural decoration, make this house a real gem. The one-hectare park is truly enchanting. It houses an impressive lagoon-like swimming pool of 60 meters in length with its swim-up bar, creating a true oasis of relaxation. A second heated swimming pool with its counter-current installation allows you to enjoy the pleasures of swimming all year round. A romantic pond, an authentic Berber tent and a straw hut add an extra touch of charm to this idyllic setting. Upstairs, the house includes a master suite of 100 m² with its private lounge and central fireplace as well as two other suites offering a breathtaking view of the park. On the ground floor, two other bedrooms with terraces give access to the main swimming pool. Each of the rooms is equipped with a dressing room, a fireplace, a private bathroom and a terrace. An independent pavilion offers two additional bedrooms with their bathroom, thus guaranteeing a space of privacy for the guests. On the ground floor, you will discover a large room including a dining room, a large living room, a small living room facing the fireplace as well as a traditional Moroccan living room. The materials used, such as zellige, bejmat, marble, tadelakt, cedar woodwork and art ironwork, are a real delight for the eye. This house is equipped with a beautiful rooftop overlooking the park and the Atlas Mountains beyond the olive groves. It also has a space dedicated to well-being thanks to its Spa equipped with a hammam, a sauna, a Jacuzzi, a large shower and a massage parlour. With all these assets, this splendid residence of charm and character, located near Marrakech, reveals enormous potential for investors wishing to create a luxury guest house, offering an exclusive and memorable experience to visitors from all over the world.

Contemporary Villa Near American School Architect's house par excellence, this villa with a very graphic design boldly combines "Nature and Architecture". It consists of a large living / dining room very bright and equipped with large bay windows opening onto the terrace and its garden. A large kitchen, all in color, fully equipped, a real living room also has its dining area. On the ground floor, a large bedroom with its open bathroom opens directly onto the solarium terrace facing the swimming pool. The floor offers a second bedroom with its bathroom. Ideal for entertaining family or friends, a second pavilion has two bedrooms, a bathroom and a living room. The one hectare garden which is organized around the swimming pool is largely planted with magnificent islands of palm trees and a hundred generous olive trees. The energy autonomy of this villa is almost ensured by a discreet installation of photovoltaic panels. An apartment dedicated to staff completes the details of this property. Close to the American School, a very popular and easily accessible district, it has the advantage of meeting buyers looking for a property combining proximity to Marrakech and the calm of the countryside.

This authentic Riad-style villa will bring you all the magic of Morocco. Full of charm, located in a small village in the Palmeraie district, on the road to Casa.Built by a very well-known architect, according to the principle of traditional Moroccan houses. Arranged around a central patio, the individually decorated rooms each have their own bathroom made of tadelakt, the traditional Moroccan lime plaster.Enjoy the warmth of the villagers' welcome in a typical small village with its incomparable views of the snow-capped Atlas mountains.Composed of:Ground floor: 3 bedrooms, 3 bathrooms, large living room with fireplace, dining room with kitchen and guest WC.Terrace: bedroom, bathroom, guest WC (view of the Atlas mountains).•Floor area: 248m².•Sale price: 290,000 Euro.Note: exceptionally allowed to sell to Moroccans, Tunisians, Senegalese; all other nationalities to be advised as the obligations of the V N A are hard to see and not possible to obtain.This description has been automatically translated from French.

LOCATION: This sumptuous Villa is located in the heart of the Golden Triangle of the Palmeraie, in the middle of one of the most lush gardens in Marrakech. Its architect was Charles Boccara, a friend of the parents of the current owners. It has remained with all its original elements, making it an exclusive and perfect property for lovers of the preservation of real estate heritage. Land of 20330 m², living area 1500 to 1600 m² without the Caidale tent. DESCRIPTION: It is a two-storey mansion working as a villa hotel with pavilions scattered in the lush vegetation. This house was built by the family of the current owners between 1982 and 1986. It is composed of: • Various lounges15 suites/rooms:• 2 classic rooms• 2 junior suites• 3 premium suites• 3 royal suites• 1 family suite and residential house. • A hammam• A sauna• Professional kitchen• A restaurant in a very large caïdal tent• Various outbuildings• Annex pavilions• A swimming pool• 1 kiosk• Japanese pool• Aviaries• A borehole at 87 m ... and above all a mature plant cover. The property is sold as presented, including all 'buildings by destination' elements (kitchens, bathroom, light fixtures, curtain rods, etc.). The following items are excluded from the sale: furniture and family decoration. The elements allows the operation will be part of the transaction. SALE PRICE: 6950000€ HFA ( Six million nine hundred and fifty thousand euros Excluding Agency fees ) Mostafa Benbrik [email protected] Agency fees to be paid by the seller and the buyer. Agency fees included of 3.09% to be paid by the buyer. Price excluding fees 6,741,500 €. Not subject to the DPE. Information on the risks to which this property is exposed is available on the Géorisques website: georisques.gouv.fr. This property is offered to you by a commercial agent (Sole proprietorship). Your Lloyd & Davis Morocco advisor: Mostafa BENBRIK Commercial Agent (Sole Proprietorship) RSAC 348 004 805 Bordeaux

Beautiful prestigious property located in Bab Atlas in the Palmeraie, operated as a luxury Guest House (5 stars) and inspired by the Royal Theater of Marrakech, this beautiful residence was built by the famous architect Charles Boccara. With an area of 960 m² is built on a landscaped plot of one hectare of different species, this property consists of a main building composed of 4 bedrooms and 3 independent pavilions. At the entrance to the estate, an outbuilding to accommodate the staff and the caretaker. Fully automated and fitted out to allow optimal operation. In the main building, on the ground floor, an entrance hall with a dome opening onto the reception rooms. Double reception room with fireplaces, library tv room, a dining room, a large kitchen, 3 suites with their bathroom overlooking the garden with a large common terrace. The 4th bedroom upstairs. A magnificent roof top with a breathtaking view of the Atlas Mountains. The 3 independent pavilions are composed of a bedroom, a living room with fireplace, a bathroom and a private terrace overlooking the park. To allow total comfort, access to an English courtyard composed of several outbuildings with hammam/sauna, massage room, office, laundry room. Not subject to the DPE. Information on the risks to which this property is exposed is available on the Géorisques website: georisques.gouv.fr. This property is offered to you by a commercial agent (Sole proprietorship). Your Lloyd & Davis Morocco advisor: Najia BOUGHARBAL Commercial Agent (Sole Proprietorship)

This exceptional property offers spacious and elegant living spaces, with high-end services that will satisfy lovers of comfort and style. The villa has five bedrooms, providing enough space to accommodate your family and guests. On the ground floor, two bedrooms have private bathrooms. Each room also benefits from private terraces to enjoy moments of relaxation in the open air. Upstairs you will find three large bedrooms, including an impressive 100 square meter master suite. This suite comes with a very large dressing room to easily store your belongings. In addition, it gives access to a large covered terrace, offering a panoramic view of the garden. The villa is surrounded by a carefully landscaped garden, with mature vegetation that creates a peaceful and pleasant atmosphere. You can enjoy a heated swimming pool of 15x6 meters, ideal for cooling off and relaxing on sunny days. The villa is equipped with underfloor heating, providing gentle and comfortable warmth during the colder months of the year. A room and a kitchen reserved for staff are available, with direct access to the outside. This potential space can be transformed into a welcoming guest suite for your friends and relatives. The villa spans a generous 490 square meters, providing ample space for comfortable living. Don't miss this rare opportunity to acquire a contemporary villa with exceptional features. Contact us today to arrange a visit and discover all the details of this exceptional residence.

This beautiful Riad in Marrakech is the residence that will allow you to fully experience all the exotic atmospheres that make Marrakech unique. It is located in the Bab Doukkala neighborhood, a strategic place within the Medina, where you can easily walk to the Souk bazaars and the famous Jamaâ el Fna (10 minutes away), as well as to the Majorelle Gardens, the Gueliz district, and Hivernage. Just 5 minutes from the Riad, you will find the bus station, taxi depot, and parking. The Riad consists of: Ground Floor: Entrance with reception leading to a magnificent patio shaded by palm trees and bougainvilleas with a fountain, a beautiful pool, 2 bedrooms with 2 bathrooms (one of which is a suite with a large shower and view of the fountain), an open kitchen connected to the dining room, a living room open to the patio, and guest WC. First Floor: 4 bedrooms with their own bathrooms. Terrace: Landscaped patio with an ideal space for sunbathing and cooling off in the Tadelakt bathtub. This magnificent Riad is a true paradise for lovers of Marrakech. * Living Area: 260m². (155m² on the ground) * Selling Price: 700,000 Euro.This description has been automatically translated from French.

Luxurious 1,900 m² Arabo-Andalusian-style property, comprising a 6-suite main villa and a 4-suite guest villa, set in 1.7 hectares of enclosed, landscaped grounds. The property features several lounges, a dining room, a professional kitchen, a snooker room, a sky bar, a hammam, a cinema room, a 26 m x 11 m heated semi-Olympic pool with two built-in jacuzzis, etc. This villa is classified as a 1st category guest house.

In a contemporary and beldi chic style, this splendid new villa with neat finishes has been built on a magnificent park of 3 hectares. Several beautifully landscaped terraces, with a heated swimming pool (voltaic system) and a tennis court (acrylic). On the ground floor, superb entrance which leads to a large living room with several lounges and a beautiful dining room, a fully equipped kitchen with a part dedicated to the staff (bedrooms, saddler, laundry room). To recall the typical local spirit, a patio with magnificent hundred-year-old olive tree which serves the night area with 4 beautiful suites and their bathrooms. Upstairs, a magnificent master suite of more than 80 m² with bathroom, large dressing room and a terrace of more than 40m² with panoramic views and the legendary Atlas Mountains. Finally, in the basement, a home cinema lounge and a hammam for relaxation... Agency fees to be paid by the seller and the buyer. Agency fees included at the expense of the buyer. Price excluding fees 3,500,000 €. Not subject to the DPE. Information on the risks to which this property is exposed is available on the Géorisques website: georisques.gouv.fr. This property is offered to you by a commercial agent (Sole proprietorship). Your Lloyd & Davis Morocco advisor: Najia BOUGHARBAL Commercial Agent (Sole Proprietorship)

Riad located in the Medina Kasbah district along the Royal Palace. Majestic titled Riad, designed of several historic buildings dating back to the early 17th century with housing permits. This ensemble, which belonged to the line of the Glaoui Pashas, includes 2 entrances: one next to the service door of the Royal Palace, the other by the derb (street) along the wall of the palace, ending in a private courtyard. With a floor area of 526m2, the built set of about 1300m2 consists of 7 bedrooms, 3 of which are with period ceilings, each bedroom with bathroom and miscellaneous, 1 large patio with its heated Jacuzzi, kitchen in excellent condition, pantry, dining room and living room, laundry room, office, superb solarium terrace on period wall, access galleries to the rooms and suites, private hammam as well as a large roof terrace to be fitted out with a view of the Atlas Mountains and the park of the Royal Palace. The courtyard is adjoined to the ramparts, which gives the Riad an exceptional character. Possible extensions. Ideal investor for guest house. Sale price including agency fees: 1.450.000€. Contact Mostafa Benbrik (E.I) [email protected] RCAC 348 004 805 Bordeaux. Not subject to the DPE. Information on the risks to which this property is exposed is available on the Géorisques website: georisques.gouv.fr. This property is offered to you by a commercial agent (Sole proprietorship). Your Lloyd & Davis Morocco advisor: Mostafa BENBRIK Commercial Agent (Sole Proprietorship) RSAC 348 004 805 Bordeaux

In the Golden Triangle, one of the 2 most sought-after parts of the Palm Grove in Marrakech, corner villa with 2 entrances allowed on a plot of 10000 m². It is the last home created by the famous architect Bill WILLIS. A friend of the client who is still the owner today, Bill WILLIS was given carte blanche to give free rein to his particular know-how both in terms of creation and construction. This Louisiana-style villa was built in 1998. One of his best friends, Yves Saint Laurent, was one of the first to inaugurate it. This house with symmetrical proportions is a magnificent bourgeois residence with American-style volumes. It combines luxury, softness, creation, grandeur, originality, brightness, space, ingenuity and comfort... and even intimacy. It is a house made to last and which will become one of the emblems of Marrakech. Note the terracotta floors, especially in the main living room of more than 180 m², note the ceilings and their plaster moldings, note the woodwork and their English cottage-style moldings, note the extraordinary wrought iron work on the entrance porch as well as on the staircase balustrades, note of course the fireplaces that have made Bill WILLIS' reputation and particularly the majestically original pair in the Large living room, note the gigantic covered terraces that bring shade and freshness to the house as well as the beautiful volume under the ceiling, note the immense space and light in the pantry, note all the bay windows of the house, note the stone used for many paving and especially in the stairs. In short, it is a grandiose house of 960 m² of living space, including the various terraces that fit perfectly into the symmetrical/asymmetrical structure of the building. -Ground floor: Large covered porch for the entrance, entrance hall with reception toilet on the left and an office on the right. This hall leads to a monumental staircase hall. This hall leads to an office on the right and to the left an access to the very large kitchen and its saddler. In continuity: a corridor leading to a winter lounge with fireplace on the right and a dining room with fireplace on the left. The ground floor ends with a huge living room with 2 symmetrical ashlar fireplaces, all followed by a large covered terrace. FLOOR: Access to the first floor by a rounded staircase leading - to the right onto an office hall with fireplace. On each side in symmetry, 2 beautiful bedrooms with their bathroom and their set of terraces - to the left of the mezzanine staircase, we arrive at the master suite consisting of an entrance hall, a huge bathroom with separate toilet, an anteroom of beautiful volume terrace, then a gigantic bedroom with its fireplace and its huge terrace. OUTBUILDINGS: Permanent well, garage for 2 cars, entrance with caretaker's lodge, storage room, swimming pool 20*8 meters, second entrance to be used, technical rooms, elevator shaft provided. Sale price agency fees included: 2120000€ (two million hundred and twenty thousand euros), unfurnished but containing everything related to Bill WILLIS - Agency fees for buyer and seller included Agency fees to be paid by the seller and the buyer. Agency fees included of 2.91% to be paid by the buyer. Price excluding fees 2,060,000 €. Not subject to the DPE. Information on the risks to which this property is exposed is available on the Géorisques website: georisques.gouv.fr. Your Lloyd & Davis Morocco advisor: Mostafa BENBRIK Commercial Agent (Sole Proprietorship) RSAC 348 004 805 Bordeaux

Exceptional property in the south of Morocco, located 4 kilometers from the ramparts of Taroudant. It is a real KSAR (fortified village in Sub-Saharan North Africa, along the curves of a wadi, a dry river from the Atlas rivers). The views are magical... The property, which was completely renovated and redesigned by its current owner between 2006 and 2008, overlooks the river and surrounds it from above. The owner, who often uses it as one of her private residences, and who has not really made a big deal out of the Ksar, has renovated the place respecting the local style and also the taste of today's foreign nomadic travelers. This property overlooking the Oued has an area of 8,521 m2, consisting of 4 fully cleaned title deeds + 2 others in the process of cleaning. The walls of the ramparts close this magnificent landscape and many houses of a very simple but beautiful taste. The living spaces total more than 1500 m2 composed of 15 traditional houses transformed into suites and rooms. 7 Suites are between 50 m2 and 100 m2. The luxury of the place is pure and simple, most of the rooms offer a view of the gardens and the walks between olive trees, citrus trees and palm trees. Once through the magnificent and huge entrance gate, you arrive in the heart of the Ksar where the reception areas are located: a huge dining room, a patio to receive your guests and have a good time and also 2 lounges... etc. Then you get lost in different patios from where you reach your own apartment, room or suite, or private space... A traditional hammam also adds to the enjoyment of this exquisite property. In the middle of a beautiful plantation of trees, you can rest around a heated swimming pool of 120 m2!!! The property is offered as presented, with all its furniture and decoration. Living areas: 1,500 m2 - Terraces: 750 m2 - 20 rooms - 14 bedrooms or suites - 15 bathrooms - Video room - Landscape: 8,521 m2 - Electric heating (individual) - Air conditioning - Internet - Outdoor lighting - Caretakers of the property - Swimming pool - 360° exposure - Caretaker's area - Agadir Airport: 45 minutes - Marrakech by car: 3 and a half hours - Access possible by helicopter from Marrakech and from Agadir - Permanent staff takes care of the property and guests of the owner as well as guests of the guesthouse (state authorization + VNA). SALE PRICE: 1.190.000 Euros FAI (Including agency fees of the buyer and seller) Mostafa Benbrik Consultant partner LDM INVEST [email protected] ICE ID 003226463000035 Not subject to the DPE. Information on the risks to which this property is exposed is available on the Géorisques website: georisques.gouv.fr. This property is offered to you by a commercial agent (Sole proprietorship). Your Lloyd & Davis Morocco advisor: Mostafa BENBRIK Commercial Agent (Sole Proprietorship) RSAC 348 004 805 Bordeaux

Property with 9 bedrooms and 7 bathrooms, Arabic style, riad style architecture, built from 2005 on a plot of almost 4 hectares in length. Everything is played around the ponds, seguias and a corridor swimming pool (45 meters) with a landscaped garden of great beauty. All the woodwork is solid cedar. This property of approximately 3000 m² of built areas is composed as follows: On the ground floor: A central patio and its fountain. Kitchen and pantry, dining room with its beautiful fireplace, double living room, fireplace, reception toilet, stairs to the floors at each corner, 2 service rooms. Various corridors. Upstairs: A large master bedroom with large bathroom and dressing room with its beautiful terrace overlooking the Atlas Mountains and the front gardens. 4 large bedrooms with their respective bathrooms. Corridor circulation around the central patio. Large circulation on the roof for air conditioning and solar panels. On the same grounds, two side pavilions: each with living room, 2 bedrooms and bathroom as well as a perspective pavilion: with gym upstairs, superb hammam set on the mezzanine and well water recovery basin in front. Garage for 3 cars, air conditioning, watering, very nice outdoor lighting, 2 wells allowed. The house is available with its furniture according to inventory. PRICE: 3850000 Euros FAI - Agency fees for buyer and seller included Not subject to the DPE. Information on the risks to which this property is exposed is available on the Géorisques website: georisques.gouv.fr. This property is offered to you by a commercial agent (Sole proprietorship). Your Lloyd & Davis Morocco advisor: Mostafa BENBRIK Commercial Agent (Sole Proprietorship) RSAC 348 004 805 Bordeaux

Prestigious property for sale in the Palmeraie under finishing touches. Real estate agency in Marrakech, Mur&Prestige, specialist in luxury real estate, offers you to discover this prestigious property for sale in the Palmeraie of Marrakech, currently under finishing touches, just a few steps from the prestigious Palais Rhoul (Golden Triangle of the Palmeraie). With a built area of 900m2 and set on a 1-hectare plot, this prestigious residence for sale features clean lines and is built with very high-quality materials. The villa consists of 5 suites and is built on one level. This prestigious property for sale in the Palmeraie of Marrakech also includes a gym, a spa inspired by that of the Royal Mansour hotel in Marrakech with a sublime Andalusian patio, as well as a fitness area. A swimming pool of approximately 800m2 enhances the outdoor spaces. The house is equipped with reversible air conditioning and underfloor heating in all rooms. Are you looking for a prestigious property for sale in the Palmeraie of Marrakech? If this house matches your search criteria, we invite you to contact us for further information. The luxury real estate agency in Marrakech, Mur&Prestige, remains at your entire disposal to assist you with your villa purchase project in Marrakech.This description has been automatically translated from French.

Opportunity to seize, superb guesthouse riad for sale, luxury title with all the amenities you would expect from a charming quality guesthouse riad, offering a covered area of 1831 m² and a ground area of 1244 m², with 18 rooms, a magnificent location with parking at the door, beautiful volumes, 5 bright patios, 3 access points (including staff access, main access, and fire department access) and just 10 minutes from the famous Jamaâ El Fna square. Good rental yield. Comprising: Basement: houses the laundry room, technical room, and staff locker rooms (men and women) with showers and toilets, a room with the electrical transformer. Ground floor: Entrance hall with reception and director's office, 5 rooms with 5 bathrooms that have air conditioning. 2 lounges including the Moroccan lounge and the library lounge, both opening onto the patio), a meeting room of 22 m², snack corner, and a large heated swimming pool (10x5m) located in a discreet part of the hotel for tranquility, director's office, professional kitchen with its dishwashing area and cold room, licensed restaurant and bar, guest toilets. First floor: 13 rooms with 13 bathrooms that have air conditioning, a spa with traditional hammam, sauna, and massage rooms, two offices including one for administration and reservations. • Covered Area: 1831 m² (Ground: 1244 m²) • Selling Price: 4,000,000 Euro.This description has been automatically translated from French.

The Real Estate Agency ATLAS TOUAREG presents for sale this magnificent Riad Guest House in operation with 8 bedrooms, located in one of the oldest districts in the heart of the medina of Marrakech in the Sidi Ben Slimane district, 10 minutes from the Koutoubia and the famous Jamaâ El Fna square. Composed of: Ground floor: Entrance hall, reception, guest toilet, 3 bedrooms with 3 bathrooms, living room, kitchen, patio with swimming pool, laundry room, technical room. Floor: 3 bedrooms with 3 bathrooms and fireplaces. Terrace: 2 bedrooms with 2 bathrooms, relaxation area, pergolas. Living area: 502m² (209m² on the ground). Selling price: 900,000 Euro.

This elegant estate in the Berber tradition offers nearly 390m² of living space, featuring 6 spacious bedrooms and 2 large family suites, all equipped with air conditioning, heating, and private bathrooms. Not to be missed is a magnificent pool in a very bright patio, a large solarium terrace with a Berber tent, Beldi Hammam, and sauna, as well as a summer kitchen. Take advantage of this rare opportunity to own one of the most exclusive estates in Marrakech. This gem consists of: Ground floor: Entrance hall with reception, a spacious living room with a fireplace overlooking a very bright patio with a pool, 3 beautiful bedrooms with 3 bathrooms, a single bedroom with a bathroom, and a gourmet kitchen. First floor: Laundry room, 5 bedrooms with 5 bathrooms. Terrace: large solarium space with lounge in a Berber tent, Beldi Hammam, and sauna, summer kitchen. •Living Area: 390 m². (160 m² on the ground.) •Sale price: 520,000 Euros.This description has been automatically translated from French.

Exceptional residence of 2,500 m² of living space, on two closed and planted hectares, for sale. This extremely rare property in Marrakech offers numerous lounges, nine suites with dressing rooms and terraces, nine bathrooms, a complete spa with indoor pool, a projection room, a heated outdoor pool of 30 m x 7 m. This residence is located on a golf course.

CD Immobilier offers you this new contemporary villa for sale. Located at 15 minutes from the center of Marrakech, it offers a reception with fireplace, a fully equipped kitchen, five bedrooms, five bathrooms, a swimming pool and a garden with trees. The services are of high quality: electric shutters, insulation, waterproofing, internet connection in all rooms, etc.