luxury real estate for sale Biot, France

EXCLUSIVITY Ideally located 2 km from the beaches, single-story villa completely atypical of 210 sqm in a decidedly bold industrial/loft architectural style and organized in 2 parts around the terrace and its pool like a patio, featuring an exotic and refined mostly flat garden offering multiple atmospheres, outdoor jacuzzi. This recent villa (2010) honors noble materials: steel, glass, concrete, and wood, and contemporary amenities while integrating original artworks into the construction. The main villa includes a large living room, open kitchen, and a master suite of 57 sqm. Basement access via elevator leading to a large garage for 2/3 cars of 70 sqm + laundry room 20 sqm + wine cellar + storage. The second villa is reserved to accommodate, with 2 bedrooms, a bathroom, a sauna, and an office, plus a workshop - possibility to convert this space into a second dwelling for family regrouping with kitchen + living room + bedroom + bathroom. The entire villa is single-story and adapted for people with reduced mobility.

Magestic stone built house for lovers of charm, this property is nestled in an exclusive neighbourhood between Valbonne and Biot, this exceptional property offers approximately 250 m² of living space in the main house and an independent guest house of 60m2, set within beautifully landscaped grounds of 6,071 m², entirely private and a rare sanctuary of absolute tranquillity. Bathed in natural light, the main living level unfolds into elegant reception areas, including a large independent kitchen, dining room and a generous living room with fireplace which seamlessly opens onto a superb south-facing pool terrace. From here, you will be captivated by the manicured gardens in the most tranquil setting. The stylish pool house is perfect for entertaining or relaxing in complete serenity. Also on the ground floor are 3 bedrooms each with ensuite and views over the pool and gardens. Upstairs, a spacious master suite with cathedral ceiling and a dedicated office, each with access to a private terrace, benefit from delightful sea views, offering a peaceful and inspiring retreat. The property is further enhanced by a carport and an expansive 100 m² basement, including a large garage and laundry, presenting outstanding potential for bespoke development, whether as a wellness area, cinema room, or additional living space. Ideally located near the Collège Niki de Saint Phalle and local amenities, this residence combines discretion, space, and remarkable potential in one of the Riviera’s most desirable settings.

Located in one of Biot’s most sought-after areas, within a secure private estate, this elegant property offers 313 sqm of living space (375 sqm including the garage), set in peaceful, leafy surroundings. Set on approximately 2,300 sqm of beautifully landscaped grounds, the villa is arranged over three levels. The main living areas occupy the ground and first floors, while the garden level offers additional accommodation and a wellness area, providing excellent flexibility for guests or an independent space. The ground floor features an elegant entrance hall, a spacious dual-aspect living room with fireplace and an open-plan kitchen and dining area. Large sliding pocket doors connect the reception rooms seamlessly with the terraces and gardens, creating a wonderful sense of indoor-outdoor living. The first floor comprises an impressive 63 sqm principal bedroom suite with dressing areas, bathroom and walk-in shower, together with two further bedrooms, each with its own bathroom or shower room and bespoke storage. On the garden level, two additional bedrooms, a shower room, a sauna, laundry room and further living space provide comfortable independent accommodation, with access both from inside the house and via a private entrance. The beautifully landscaped outdoor areas feature a saltwater infinity pool with fountain, summer kitchen, patio, boules court, generous terraces and gardens, creating an ideal setting for enjoying the Mediterranean lifestyle. A double garage of approximately 55 sqm and additional parking complete the property. With generous volumes, attractive open views towards the surrounding hills and a glimpse of the Mediterranean, this is an ideal main or second home on the French Riviera. Conveniently located close to Sophia Antipolis, Antibes, Cannes and Nice International Airport. A full presentation including approximately 60 photographs and floor plans is available upon request. Ref. PE-00434 | Carlton International

Exclusively listed with Magrey & Sons, this charming single-storey villa of 141 sq m is nestled within an intimate, secure gated estate of just 9 properties, enjoying a privileged setting and lovely views of the Mediterranean Sea, Cap Ferrat and the Alps. Set on beautifully landscaped grounds of 748 sq m, the villa features a generous entrance hall leading to a spacious living and dining area with a cathedral ceiling and a fireplace with an insert. Large openings provide seamless access to the outdoor areas while offering delightful sea views. The property also includes a separate kitchen, complemented by a pantry / Laundry room. The sleeping accommodation comprises three spacious en-suite bedrooms, all opening onto the garden and each featuring its own bathroom or shower room with WC. The first suite opens onto a veranda, currently used as a home office and winter lounge. Additional storage space and a guest toilet complete the interior. Outside, the beautifully landscaped garden features an attractive infinity swimming pool, enjoying unobstructed views of the Mediterranean Sea, Cap Ferrat and the Alps. The property also benefits from a covered parking area accommodating two vehicles. Ideally located close to the charming village of Biot and its golf course, Sophia Antipolis, international schools, and just 30 minutes from Nice International Airport.

Biot - Set in a prestigious gated estate, this remarkable property boasts stunning sea views. It comprises a magnificent entrance hall, a vast reception room, a fitted kitchen, four en suite bedrooms and a study. A large covered terrace with barbecue area and summer lounge completes the living space. The vast basement offers a wealth of conversion possibilities, whether for a sports room, cinema room or wine cellar. The superb 4,864 square metre flat garden features a heated infinity pool, providing an idyllic setting. An enclosed garage for up to 5 vehicles completes this property.

Sole Agent Biot Bois-Fleuri, Near Valbonne – A Contemporary Villa in a Peaceful, Exclusive Setting** A real favourite, this contemporary-inspired villa is peacefully located within a secure and highly sought-after residential estate. It enjoys lovely open views over the surrounding hills and is situated in the Niki de Saint Phalle area, close to international schools, Sophia Antipolis, the CIV and local amenities. On the ground floor, a **70 sqm reception area** comprises an open-plan kitchen with pantry, dining room and living room. A beautiful **40 sqm master suite** includes the master bedroom, study, dressing room and shower room with WC. Upstairs, there is a further en-suite bedroom with its own shower room, along with two additional spacious bedrooms sharing a shower room. The property also benefits from a **full basement**, including a **41 sqm double garage**, a **44 sqm games room** (which could also be used as a gym), wine cellar, storage area and WC. Outside, a large **52 sqm covered terrace** overlooks the heated infinity pool. The beautifully landscaped, flat **1,900 sqm garden** offers several relaxation areas, plenty of space for outdoor activities, a pétanque court and ample parking. **Features:** underfloor heating, pocket sliding doors Video on demand

Magnificent property totaling 650 sq.m designed by the famous architect Sansoe enjoying a panoramic sea view in the heart of a quiet gated estate built on a beautiful flat landscaped plot of 4,864 sq.m with swimming pool. It consists of a beautiful entrance and large reception area comprising double living room, dining are, fitted kitchen, all opening onto a covered terrace, 5 bedrooms, and large basement with the possibility of setting up a fitness and wellness area, game room, wine cellar, etc... Large pool house that can be converted into a guest house. 2 garages for 2 and 4 cars. A few minutes from the motorway and all amenities, 7 minutes from Mouratoglou, 20 minutes from the Nice airport. Energy class : C - Climat class : C / estimated annual costs for standard use : between € 3,737 and € 5,057 (ref year 2021). Information on the risks to which this property is exposed is available on the Geohazards website : www.georisques.gouv.fr Property located in an area subject to compulsory brush clearance. Represented by Caroline Bertignon-Metout, acting in his capacity as authorized service provider, with full powers for the purposes hereof.

Co-Exclusivity Located at the end of a cul-de-sac, in the heart of a quiet and unspoiled residential neighborhood, this villa of approximately 379 m² offers panoramic views of the sea, the surrounding hills, and the historic village of Biot. Built in 2014 on a landscaped, south-facing lot of approximately 4,500 sq.m, the property offers an exceptional living environment that combines privacy, comfort, and high-quality amenities, just a few minutes from the village, local shops, and Sophia Antipolis. The ground floor features a spacious garage, a bedroom, a bathroom, a sauna, a gym, a game room, and a home theater, providing ample space dedicated to wellness and leisure. A half-level houses a two-room apartment comprising a living room with a kitchen, a bedroom, and a bathroom—ideal for accommodating family, guests, or staff. The garden level, which opens onto the terraces and outdoor spaces, houses the main living areas, including a spacious, light-filled living room of approximately 42 sq.m, an open kitchen, and a dining room. This level also features two additional bedrooms as well as a master suite with a walk-in closet and a bathroom. The living spaces take full advantage of the view and natural light. The outdoor areas have been designed to take full advantage of the surrounding setting. They feature a salt-heated swimming pool, a pool house, a pétanque court, a pizza oven, and spacious areas dedicated to relaxation and entertaining. The landscaped grounds, covering approximately 4,500 sq.m, preserve the property’s privacy while offering numerous spaces for relaxation and entertaining. Several parking spaces, both indoor and outdoor, complete the property. The property also features a natural lookout point, accessible via a staircase carved into the rock, offering an unobstructed view all the way to Cap d’Antibes. Built in 2014, the villa features ducted air conditioning, a fireplace, home automation, an alarm system, and an electric gate. Just a few minutes from the village of Biot, shops, schools, golf courses, beaches, and Nice International Airport, this property offers a rare balance of tranquility, comfort, and accessibility. Energy efficiency class: B – Climate class: A / Estimated annual energy costs for standard use: between €2,470 and €3,400 (reference year 2021). Information on the risks associated with this property is available on the Géorisques website: www.georisques.gouv.fr. The property is located in an area subject to mandatory brush clearing. Andréa MILAZZO : Consultant – Independent commercial agent (E.I.) RSAC : 893 468 033

Built in 2025, this contemporary villa has been designed to offer a warm, light-filled living environment, seamlessly connected to the outdoors, in a quiet and peaceful setting with pleasant views over the village. From the moment you enter, the property reveals a harmonious layout. The semi-open kitchen flows naturally into the living room and dining area, creating a welcoming space ideal for sharing moments with family and friends. Large openings extend this area onto a spacious terrace, offering an additional outdoor living space during the warmer months. A climate-controlled wine cellar completes this area with elegance. The main level also features a comfortable master suite with dressing room and a full bathroom, benefiting from direct access to the terrace, as well as a study that can easily adapt to family needs. A guest toilet completes this level. Upstairs, three bedrooms, each with its own shower room, provide privacy and independence for all occupants. They open onto a shared terrace, perfect for enjoying the village views and peaceful evenings. Outside, everything has been designed for relaxation and enjoyment: a swimming pool, pétanque court, and landscaped areas invite you to fully embrace the lifestyle and surroundings. A double garage and a laundry room complete this property, which offers high-quality finishes and is perfectly suited as both a family home and a secondary residence. Energy rating: A – Climate rating: A / Estimated annual energy costs for standard use: between €350 and €510 (reference year 2023) Information on potential risks to which this property is exposed is available on the Géorisques website: www.georisques.gouv.fr Property located in an area subject to mandatory brush clearance regulations. Andréa MILAZZO Consultant – Independent Sales Agent RSAC: 893 468 033

At the end of a quiet cul-de-sac in a highly sought-after residential setting, this property of approximately 235 sq.m enjoys absolute tranquillity and beautiful views over the sea, the surrounding mountains and the village of Biot. Set within approximately 2,000 sq.m of landscaped grounds designed by English Garden, the villa offers an exceptional living environment with numerous outdoor areas dedicated to relaxation and entertaining. The ground floor comprises an entrance hall, a spacious and light-filled living room featuring a closed fireplace, a fully equipped semi-open-plan kitchen, a bedroom suite with shower room and WC, a second bedroom with shower room, and a guest toilet. Upstairs, three additional bedrooms enjoy open views and are complemented by two shower rooms as well as a full bathroom with both bathtub and shower. The outdoor areas have been thoughtfully designed to make the most of the Mediterranean climate, offering several terraces, a large covered dining area, a pool house, and a heated saltwater swimming pool equipped with automatic cover. The property also benefits from a garage of approximately 55 sqm and numerous ancillary spaces, including cellars, technical rooms, the pool house and covered terraces, representing a total additional surface area of approximately 93 sq.m. Originally built in the 1980s, the villa has undergone several renovation and extension programmes over the years, including a major refurbishment and the creation of a spacious principal suite in 2018. All works were carried out with the required planning permissions and compliance approvals. Additional features include ducted air conditioning throughout all bedrooms, an alarm system, a crawl space, and a particularly high standard of construction and maintenance. Energy class : B – Climat class : A / estimated annual costs for standard use : between €2,004 and €2,072 (ref year 2023) Information on the risks to which this property is exposed is available on the Geohazards website : www.georisques.gouv.fr Property located in an area subject to compulsory brush clearance. Andréa MILAZZO : Consultant – Independent commercial agent (E.I.) - RSAC : 893 468 033

Joint Sole Agent - Nestled at the end of a private cul-de-sac in a peaceful residential setting, just 2 km from the charming village of Biot, this elegant south-facing property offers approximately 379 sqm of living space on beautifully landscaped grounds of 4,263 sqm, enjoying lovely views of the sea and the village. Built in 2014 and completely renovated in 2026 to the highest standards, the villa is arranged over three levels. The main floor features a spacious, light-filled living and dining area opening onto the terraces, swimming pool and pool house, as well as a fully equipped contemporary kitchen with adjoining pantry. The sleeping quarters include a magnificent master suite with a private lounge, dressing room, en-suite bathroom and terrace, together with two additional bedrooms, one of which benefits from its own en-suite bathroom. The intermediate level hosts a self-contained apartment comprising a living room with an open-plan fitted kitchen, a bedroom with dressing room, a spacious bathroom and a separate WC. The garden level is entirely dedicated to wellness and entertainment, featuring a spa area, fitness room, sauna, home cinema and a games room that can easily be converted into an additional en-suite bedroom. A spacious garage accommodating up to four vehicles, extensive additional parking, and a private pétanque court complete this exceptional property. Fully air-conditioned throughout, the property is set on a substantial plot of land with the potential to build a second villa, subject to the current local planning regulations (PLU). Ideally located close to shops, international schools and the beaches, and just 25 minutes from Nice Côte d'Azur International Airport, this exceptional property combines absolute tranquillity, luxurious comfort and a highly sought-after location.

In Biot, in the sought-after Bois Fleuri area, this charming villa enjoys an elevated position with lovely views over the surrounding hills. Peacefully situated and south-facing, it is close to shops, Valbonne’s international schools and Niki de Saint Phalle secondary school. Offering approximately 170 m² of living space, the villa combines generous proportions with a warm, welcoming atmosphere. On the ground floor: an entrance hall, living room, dining room and open-plan kitchen opening onto a spacious south-facing terrace, a bedroom with an en-suite shower room, and a laundry room. Upstairs: a further en-suite bedroom opening onto a terrace, plus two additional bedrooms sharing a bathroom. A beautiful swimming pool, a garden shed and a wooden chalet complete the property, set within 1,100 m² of landscaped grounds.

Exclusive listing. Newly built villa (2024), located in a quiet and residential domain in Biot / Saint Julien. Very peaceful surroundings, surrounded by villas only, offering a true sense of privacy while remaining close to all amenities. The villa is well designed and organized into three distinct living areas, making it especially comfortable for family living. Ground floor: a bright and spacious living area with an open-plan kitchen, opening directly onto the garden and the pool. An office space is also located on this level, ideal for working from home. First floor: the master level with two bedrooms, dressing rooms, and a terrace with a pleasant sea view, offering a more private atmosphere. Top floor: two additional bedrooms, perfect for children or guests. Living area of approximately 191 sqm (232 sqm total), set on a plot of around 1100 sqm. Comfortable and easy-to-maintain garden with a swimming pool equipped with a counter-current swimming system. Modern villa with quality features: air conditioning, underfloor heating, high-level thermal and acoustic insulation. East, West, and South exposure, ensuring optimal natural light throughout the day, with open sea views. Les informations sur les risques auxquels ce bien est exposé sont disponibles sur : georisques.gouv.fr

Biot, in a prestigious secure estate. Beautiful 1813 m2 building plot with uninterrupted panoramic sea view. Planning permission granted for a contemporary single-storey villa with a total surface area of 477 m2, swimming pool and 3-car garage attached to the villa. File available on request.

Exclusivity BIOT Bois Fleuri, in a dominant position, quiet, facing south, close to shops, buses and Niki St Phalle area, Charming villa completely renovated comprising on the upper level living room/dining room/kitchen, a bedroom and its bathroom opening through bay windows onto the terrace and view On the lower level, 3 bedrooms and 2 shower rooms, Superb mosaic swimming pool Convertible attic, cellar, Garden planted with Mediterranean species 1.100m 2

This remarkable contemporary villa, set in a highly sought-after residential area, and enjoying complete peace and quiet, sheltered from prying eyes, close to the iconic villages of Biot and Valbonne, delights with its elegant architecture, great volume and high-quality amenities. Set on a magnificent 4,500m² (48,438 sq ft) landscaped plot, the property offers a rare living environment that combines privacy, comfort, and a Mediterranean way of life. The 450m² (4,844 sq ft) villa boasts a particularly refined design and a carefully laid-out floor plan that offers large reception areas while maintaining comfort and privacy. The volume and light immediately catch the eye from the moment you enter. Large sliding glass doors extend the interior spaces towards the garden and swimming pool, creating a seamless flow between indoors and outdoors. The ground floor features an elegant entrance hall, a large living room and dining room, and a fully open-plan kitchen designed as a central social hub. This level also includes a master suite, several en-suite bedrooms, an office that could be converted into a fifth bedroom, a home cinema, a laundry room, and a guest toilet. Upstairs, a second suite offers a completely separate living area. The basement level harmoniously complements the property’s amenities with a gym, a wine cellar and plenty of storage space and closets. Fully automated, the villa boasts a particularly comprehensive range of amenities and features: underfloor heating and cooling, reversible air conditioning, large sliding glass doors, automatic sprinkler system, water softener and state-of-the-art technical installations. Outside, the immaculately maintained, landscaped garden offers several areas for relaxation and socialising. A large swimming pool blends harmoniously into this leafy setting, along with an elegant pool house with shower and toilet, ideal for making the most of long, sunny days. The property also features a pétanque court, a vegetable garden, a large locked garage for two cars, and several outdoor parking spaces. A rare property in Biot, offering a particularly successful blend of contemporary architecture, high-end fittings, generous volumes and quality of life, in a prime residential area, just a few minutes from Valbonne and the main attractions of the French Riviera. Energy rating: A - Climate class: A Estimated annual energy costs for standard use: between €1,580 and €2,220 (reference year 2023) Information on the risks to which this property is exposed is available on the Géorisques website: www.georisques.gouv.fr The property is situated in an area subject to compulsory brush-clearing. Andréa MILAZZO: Consultant - Sales agent E.I. RSAC: 893,468,033

In the heart of the highly sought-after village of Biot, this elegant character property completely renovated in 2025 combines the charm of the old with contemporary comfort with refinement. Located just a few steps from shops, schools, and restaurants, it benefits from a privileged location in an authentic and desirable environment. Offering about 208 sqm of living space, this village house is organized around a beautiful inner courtyard that provides a true outdoor living space, intimate and bathed in light. The generous volumes and high-quality amenities give the entire property a warm and sophisticated atmosphere. The property features four beautiful en-suite bedrooms, designed to provide comfort and privacy for everyone. A remarkable stone reception room, with exceptional character, enhances the living spaces and adds a rare authenticity to the property. Currently organized as a guest house, it can easily be transformed into a main residence or a house for friends depending on needs. From the various living areas, the property offers a pleasant unobstructed view of the surrounding hills, in a peaceful and preserved setting. Built on a plot of about 208 sqm, this rare home on the market also allows parking for two vehicles within its private area and has a cellar. A confidential address for charm property lovers in the heart of the French Riviera.

Sole Agent Biot Bois-Fleuri, Near Valbonne – A Contemporary Villa in a Peaceful, Exclusive Setting** A real favourite, this contemporary-inspired villa is peacefully located within a secure and highly sought-after residential estate. It enjoys lovely open views over the surrounding hills and is situated in the Niki de Saint Phalle area, close to international schools, Sophia Antipolis, the CIV and local amenities. On the ground floor, a **70 sqm reception area** comprises an open-plan kitchen with pantry, dining room and living room. A beautiful **40 sqm master suite** includes the master bedroom, study, dressing room and shower room with WC. Upstairs, there is a further en-suite bedroom with its own shower room, along with two additional spacious bedrooms sharing a shower room. The property also benefits from a **full basement**, including a **41 sqm double garage**, a **44 sqm games room** (which could also be used as a gym), wine cellar, storage area and WC. Outside, a large **52 sqm covered terrace** overlooks the heated infinity pool. The beautifully landscaped, flat **1,900 sqm garden** offers several relaxation areas, plenty of space for outdoor activities, a pétanque court and ample parking. **Features:** underfloor heating, pocket sliding doors Video on demand

Exceptional 556 m2 family property in a residential estate, just a few minutes from the village of Valbonne and Biot. Nestled on 4400 m2 of peaceful landscaped grounds with swimming pool, this villa boasts spacious accommodation. A cosy living room with fireplace, a large fitted kitchen, a dining room, 6 en suite bedrooms, 2 independent apartments and a leisure area with gym, spa, private cinema and wine cellar. A double garage and private driveway provide parking for several cars.

Joint Sole Agent Carlton International Biot Located within one of the most sought-after secure estates on the Côte d’Azur, a few minutes from the village of Biot and the seaside, this elegant family property benefits from a privileged living environment. In the heart of an exceptional residential setting, it delights with its absolute calm and preserved privacy. Carefully renovated, the bright and warm property of approximately 321 m² offers generous and modern volumes. The reception areas, open to the outdoors, include a large living room with fireplace, a dining room, and a fully equipped kitchen, extended by large terraces, the garden, and the swimming pool area. The villa offers 6 bedrooms spread over several levels. Three bedrooms are located on the main level. Upstairs, two suites each have their own bathroom or shower room as well as access to a terrace. On the garden level, a large living room or playroom, an additional bedroom with bathroom and WC, a laundry room, and a large garage complete the setup. The landscaped grounds of approximately 2,400 m² offer several relaxation areas and a lovely dining corner, ideal for fully enjoying the Mediterranean climate. Well maintained, this property combines all the assets of a high-quality family residence: security, comfort, and a sought-after location, close to international schools, 5 minutes from Sophia Antipolis, 10 minutes from the beaches, and 20 minutes from Nice International Airport. DPE C(115) A(3) The agency fees are paid by the seller. No ongoing procedures in the residence. 125 lots Information on the risks to which this property is exposed is available on the GeoRisques website http://www.georisques.gouv.fr REF 00947 ------- Ground floor: - Entrance hall - WC - Fully equipped modern kitchen - Dining room - Living room with fireplace - Bedroom 1: Master bedroom, double bed, bathroom and shower afterward, toilet, dressing room. The bedroom opens onto the main terrace. - Bedroom 2: Double bed - Shower room and toilet - Bedroom 3: Double bed, shower room and toilet afterward. First floor: - Bedroom 4: Double bed - Shower room and toilet. - Bedroom 5: two single beds, shower room and toilet afterward. Garden level: - Living room or playroom - Laundry room - Bedroom 6: Double bed, shower room, and toilet en-suite - Large garage Pool 13x6m Features: Reversible air conditioning, videophone, alarm, surveillance cameras, Fiber Internet, parking for 4-5 cars, gas plancha.

BIOT - EXCLUSIVITY - Charm and elegance are the key words for this lovely bastide from the 2000s, very well maintained, in an idyllic area. Mainly on one level, the house offers a generous entrance with a magnificent carved wooden door, a large living and dining room, an equipped independent kitchen, a laundry room, and a large cupboard. The sleeping area consists of 2 bedrooms, one of which serves as an office, that share a bathroom with a shower and independent toilets. The entire house is bathed in light due to its southern exposure and the sliding windows and glass doors in the living space that bring brightness and an unobstructed view. A magnificent staircase leads to the upper floor which hosts a large bedroom extended by a terrace with a beautiful sea glimpse, a shower room, independent toilets, and a dressing room. The garden is the second asset of the house: well maintained, among palm trees, bougainvilleas, and other Mediterranean species, it wraps around the covered terrace of the kitchen and runs alongside the elongated swimming pool. Among rocks and cypress trees, it embodies the spirit of Provence. To complete the description, there is a double garage with a workshop/storage area and parking spaces. On the technical side, there is an automatic gate, double glazing, a water softener, rolling shutters for the living room's sliding doors, and wooden shutters for the rest, as well as easily accessible attic storage. Within walking distance to the Saint Philippe area with nearby shops, Intermarché, pharmacy, bakery, restaurants, school buses serving the L'Eganaude and Simone Veil colleges, the Eugène Olivari nursery and primary school, and the Orange bleue daycare. Bus and tram services to Antibes and Nice. A beautiful address, in a quiet location that will delight the whole family. Property listed by Nathalie COULON EI, commercial agent (RSAC 824099691)This description has been automatically translated from French.