luxury houses for sale Mansigné, France

The advertiser did not provide an english description for this listing.

Just 30 km south of Le Mans, in the commune of Mayet, this characterful property is nestled in a particularly well-preserved natural setting. It comprises a main house and a separate gîte, offering nearly 196 sqm of living space on a wooded plot of 13,935 sqm. Originally a typical Sarthe farmhouse, this property now combines the charm of the old with meticulous renovation and a living environment ideal for both a family home and a tourism project. Faithful to the layout of traditional Sarthe farmhouses, the entrance, featuring a pellet stove, opens onto a spacious family kitchen, the heart of the home. With its exposed beams, fireplace equipped with a wood-burning stove, and generous proportions, it naturally invites shared moments. The separate living room, bathed in light thanks to its windows overlooking the garden, extends this living space in a warm and inviting atmosphere. Two bedrooms, a dressing room, and a shower room complete this level, offering a particularly comfortable layout for single-level living. The upper floor features a mezzanine office area, a spacious bedroom enhanced by its impressive original timber frame, and two facing sleeping areas separated by sliding doors. This unique layout allows for various configurations to suit different lifestyles. Independent of the main house, the gîte provides a true second living space. Completely renovated, it impresses with its spectacular cathedral-ceilinged living room, exposed beams, open-plan kitchen, mezzanine sleeping area, and private terrace. Already operating as tourist accommodation, it also offers an ideal setting for hosting family and friends with complete independence. Terraces, outbuildings, a garage, and a cellar complete the amenities of this property, while the nearly 1.4-hectare wooded grounds create a natural setting where mature trees alternate with lawns and open views of the surrounding countryside. Located just 3 km from shops and Mayet train station, 10 minutes (8 km) from the Bercé state forest, and 13 km from the A28 motorway, this property offers a rare balance between authenticity, nature, and quality of life. Its layout, comprising two independent dwellings, suggests a multitude of possibilities: primary or secondary residence, bed and breakfast, intergenerational accommodation, professional practice, or a project combining living and working space, making this a unique address where every story is yet to be told. Energy rating: C / Climate rating: C. Estimated annual energy costs for standard use: between EUR2,210 and EUR3,000, indexed to 2021, 2022, and 2023 (including subscription fees). Agency fees payable by the seller. Contact EI: Sylvie TOLMONT: 33 6 38 55 80 20 Commercial agent registered with the RSAC of Le Mans No. 938 294 600 Information on risks available on the website www.georisques.gouv

Karacterre@ Le Mans presents this magnificent 200 m² bourgeois house on a plot of over 3 hectares, 15 minutes from Le Mans. Period features such as the facade, parquet floors and fireplace convey an obvious charm. The property opens onto a corridor leading to the living room on one side, and the dining room on the other, with its fireplace and open-plan kitchen. A study and veranda complete the first floor. The second floor features a master suite with en-suite shower room, three further bedrooms, bathroom and toilet. The second level features a bedroom and an attic. The property also boasts an 80 m2 outbuilding, comprising a living room, kitchen and study. Upstairs, two bedrooms, each with private shower room and toilet. Enclosed garage. Outside, the landscaped grounds generously enhance the property. A haven of peace conducive to good times with the family, quiet and out of sight. Located 1 minute by car from the village shops and 200 m from public transport. Karacterre is an agency specializing in authentic properties, We cover the entire PAYS DE LA LOIRE and BRETAGNE region LE MANS ANGERS CHOLET SAUMUR RENNES SAINT MALO Discover our properties such as Maisons de Maîtres, Maisons bourgeoises, Lofts, Contemporary houses, Private mansions, Châteaux, Manoirs, Longères de charme, character apartments, exceptional properties, luxury properties, charming properties, investment properties, directly on the Karacterre immobilier website Free estimates on request. Including fees of 4.26% TTC to be paid by of the purchaser. Price excluding fees 470 000 €. Energy class E, Climate class D Estimated amount of annual energy expenditure for standard use: between 6037.00 € and 8169.00 € for the years 2021, 2022, and 2023 (including subscriptions). Information on the risks to which this property is exposed is available on the Geohazards website: georisques.gouv.fr.

The advertiser did not provide an english description for this listing.

Ref. 4384 : Renovated 19th C. noble farmhouse for sale On the edge of the village with commerce and tourist activities, this charming renovated property enjoys rural views with excellent access to a choice of market towns, some with train stations linking to Le Mans and Tours and on to Paris, etc. Ideally located as a permanent or holiday home within the “golden triangle” of Le Mans, Angers and Tours with the Loire Valley a short drive away, not forgetting the annual motorsport events at Le Mans. Originally the principal farmhouse for the neighbouring 19th C. chateau, this noble building has today been renovated and modernised to a high standard incorporating its rustic elements and period features where possible. The ground floor starts with a formal front-to-back entrance hall with stairs to the upper floors. To the right is the main lounge, a double aspect light room covering circa 45 sqm with original open functioning stone fireplace, light coloured tiled flooring and beams above. Continuing through the lounge onto the kitchen of 50 sqm, double aspect with doors to front and rear gardens, this family room offers plenty of space to create and dine, the wood burner has been added to the fireplace next to the original “bread oven”, exposed stone walls featuring the brickwork from the period and a glazed arched French doors to the rear all create a wonderful atmosphere to this “heart of the home”. The other side of the entrance hall is an open plan office area and wc and then onto the master bedroom (22 sqm) with tiled floors and beams and garden views, a dressing area and private shower room and wc. This room could easily be used as a second ground floor lounge if desired. The first floor continues the style of below, with original features where possible, beams and window forms. This floor has a straight cut parquet flooring throughout except where tiled within the bathrooms and the main bedroom that retains the original quarry tiled floor. On this level there are 3 bedrooms and a games room. The single bedroom measures 10 sqm and the two doubles are 18 sqm and 29 sqm with a private bathroom for the first double and a second family bathroom across the corridor from the single room (we understand that it is possible to create a private bathroom within the larger bedroom with plumbing already in place). All the bedrooms have views over the gardens. The attic floor is part converted providing a large 29 sqm TV/reading room with vaulted ceiling, leading to a 24 sqm bedroom with shower room (requires finishing) and finally a nearly 50 sqm room ripe for completing in whatever format the new owners require. Beneath the whole house is an arched stone basement level with double stairs leading down either side of the stairs up to the front door. The property has been extensively renovated by the current owners and benefits from geothermic underfloor heating on the ground floor and oil fired radiators on the upper floors, double glazed custom made windows throughout, the roof has been checked and replaced where necessary and the insulation was new at the same time. The drainage, plumbing and electricity have been upgraded from 2006 onwards. There are over 400 sqm of outbuildings with this property offering numerous possibilities. Given its location it could lend itself well to reception halls, possibly additional accommodation, sports/fitness rooms, etc. over the two levels available. At present we have large barns (for example 69 sqm with a 8.3m high ceiling) , garaging, former stables, goat sheds, etc. etc. the exterior is in good order with the stone work façade new on part of the rear section and the roofs have been checked and repaired where required. The is also a 72 sqm metal covered hanger used as a wood store currently. Nearly 1.5 hectares (3.5 acres) of land surround the buildings with a front entrance drive and rear to a parking area. The lawn is close cut in proximity to the house and further away is left longer and cut as hay. There’s enough space for a couple of paddocks alongside the existing orchard and plenty of space for an eventual pool if desired. The buildings are set nicely back from the lane providing privacy and security. Cabinet LE NAIL – Touraine - Loire Valley – M. Tony WELLS : +33 (0)2.43.98.20.20 Tony WELLS, Individual company, registered in the Special Register of Commercial Agents, under the number 444 692 156. We invite you to visit our website Cabinet Le Nail to browse our latest listings or learn more about this property.

Ideally located on the outskirts of Angers and with excellent access to major highways, this house offers a strategic location halfway between Le Mans and the charming town of La Flèche. This renovated character home boasts a generous 300 sq m of living space and opens onto a secluded landscaped garden of over 380 sq m, complete with a wooden terrace. Behind its charming facade, it blends authenticity with contemporary lines, offering a privileged living environment in the heart of a sought-after residential area. The entrance reveals welcoming spaces where original materials harmonize with a meticulous renovation completed seven years ago. The living area is organized around an open-plan kitchen with a central island, extending into a light-filled dining area. Underfloor heating enhances everyday comfort. The sleeping quarters currently comprise three bedrooms, with the possibility of creating up to five, depending on your needs. A spacious attic offers further potential for conversion. A rare bonus is the basement spa with a counter-current swimming system, perfectly complementing this property. Outside, the enclosed, landscaped garden invites relaxation amidst meticulously maintained vegetation and inviting quiet corners. The terrace naturally extends the living spaces during the warmer months. Shops, schools, and easy access to major roads are all within easy reach, combining the vibrancy of a sought-after town in the Sarthe region with the proximity of the Angers basin. This unique property, with its distinctive character, will charm you with the quality of its renovation and its numerous possibilities for future development. Energy Rating: B / Climate Rating: C. Estimated average annual energy costs for standard use, based on 2019 energy prices: EUR1,335 per year. Agency fees payable by the seller. Contact: Noémie FOURNIER 33 6 29 52 22 81. Information on geological risks is available on the website www.georisques.gouv.fr

The advertiser did not provide an english description for this listing.

The advertiser did not provide an english description for this listing.

Ref.4220: French property for sale, 40 km from Le Mans. Pleasantly located in a pretty countryside at 3 km from a village with the first shops and a charming small town (6 km) allowing to benefit from all the services, this property constitutes a small and very complete domain which will know how to seduce the amateurs of nature, equestrian pleasure and calm. The property includes a comfortable dwelling of 210 sqm living space with: - On the ground floor: entrance (16 sqm) which leads to a bedroom with adjoining shower room (28 sqm), a large living room (58 sqm) with american kitchen and fireplace, in the suite a bedroom (17 sqm) with adjoining bathroom, in the wing in return a living room (50 sqm) opening onto terrace and enclosed garden and the swimming pool. - On the first floor: 2 attic bedrooms, mezzanine space and toilet. Outbuildings include: - In the courtyard: 2 garages and a workshop. - A former farm building (15 x 20 m), once used as a riding arena. - Closed shed used as a garage for maintenance equipment. - Near the pond, former forest cabin. - Utility rooms. - Salt-treated swimming pool (5x10). With a surface of 39.16 acres (15 ha 85), the land is constituted: - Approx. 24.71 acres (10 ha) of woodland with attractive driveways (these are beautiful plantations dating from 2002, mainly oak and hornbeam), - Approx. 9.88 acres (4 ha) of fenced meadows. - A pond of approx. 6000 sqm. - A charming courtyard and garden around the swimming pool. Cabinet Le Nail: +33.(0)2.43.98.20.20 CPI 5301 2018 000 028 835 - CCI de la Mayenne We invite you to visit our website Cabinet Le Nail to browse our latest listings or learn more about this property.

Between Le Mans and Angers, in a lively village, an old presbytery from the 15th and 17th centuries and its enclosed garden. Past the gate and the enclosing wall that isolates it from the village, the former presbytery reveals its elegant façade made of rubble pierced with openings whose frames, like those of the doors, are made of tuff, some finely sculpted. The high slate roof is pierced with dormer windows also featuring tuff pediments. The building, raised to two levels, forms an L: from an entrance courtyard reveals the dwelling from the 15th century, of which only the openings were modified in the 17th century. Built around 1650, the most recent wing has retained its original layout. It made it possible to adapt the building to the functions of a parsonage after its allocation to a small seminary of the order of Saint-Sulpice. Oriented to the northwest toward the designed park and to the southeast toward the former parsonage garden, the building forms a right-angle return to the 15th-century wing. On the ground floor, the reception rooms are bright and spacious, with significant ceiling heights. They have preserved their original decorative elements. Seven bedrooms and four bathrooms are distributed between the two floors. The attic is convertible.This description has been automatically translated from French.

The advertiser did not provide an english description for this listing.

The advertiser did not provide an english description for this listing.

The advertiser did not provide an english description for this listing.

The advertiser did not provide an english description for this listing.

In a village in Sarthe, 20 km south of Le Mans, a presbytery from the 18th century and its outbuildings, set in a wooded park of nearly 5000 m². Set back from the street, the property is entirely focused on a vast wooded park. A high wall preserves its privacy and creates two access points, one pedestrian and the other accessible by vehicle, which open onto small gardens overlooking the neighboring properties. Successively a presbytery, with catechism rooms set up in the outbuildings, a cabinet-making workshop, and then a family home, the estate has experienced several lives, the traces of which it still retains today. Little modified over the course of its rich history, the 18th-century dwelling consists of a rectangular central body with a hipped roof covered in old tiles topped with earthenware ridge decorations. Built of plastered stone, with window surrounds in tuff stone, the approximately 280 m² residence is elevated over two levels above a cellar beneath some parts. To the east, the façade is rhythmically punctuated by two bays with large openings. To the north, the openings are complemented by arched joinery. The building is flanked on each side by four more recent extensions. At the back, a large shaded terrace, supported by stone walls, precedes the park where an old kiosk, an aviary, and several outbuildings line up towards a second entrance, accessible by a parallel street. A buildable plot occupies the rear of the land.This description has been automatically translated from French.

Just 20 minutes from Le Mans, in the heart of La Suze-sur-Sarthe, this unique property offers approximately 200 sq m of living space in an exceptional town center setting. Behind its discreet facade lies a truly distinct world: a characterful house opening onto a remarkable landscaped garden of nearly 1,400 sq m bordering the Sarthe River. An independent studio, a currently operating commercial space, a workshop, and extensive outbuildings enhance this atypical property, conceived as a true living space with multiple perspectives. The entrance reveals spaces with distinct atmospheres. The separate living room provides a warm ambiance, while the dining room, extended by the kitchen and utility room, creates a convivial space opening onto the veranda, transformed into a veranda-style living room overlooking the garden. The office, the ground-floor bedroom with dressing room and shower room, and the enfilade layout reinforce the feeling of a home designed over time. Parquet floors, antique tiles, high ceilings, bold wallpaper, and plays of perspective define the strong character of this property. Upstairs, two additional bedrooms and a shower room complete the sleeping area. Two attics spread across the upper levels offer remarkable potential for expansion. Adjoining the house and currently used as a library, the studio, with its own separate entrance and private terrace, also has a shower room in need of renovation. The garden reveals a variety of atmospheres, from wooden terraces and gravel paths to flowerbeds and mature trees, creating a rare setting in the heart of the city. The train station is just 5 minutes away, while shops, schools, and services are within easy walking distance. A unique blend of family home, creative space, and character property, this atypical residence offers exceptional potential in a privileged location. Energy Class: D / Climate Class: D Estimated annual energy costs for standard use: between EUR3,430 and EUR4,680 indexed to 2021, 2022, and 2023 (including subscription) Fees payable by the seller Contact EI: Sylvie TOLMONT: 33 6 38 55 80 20 Sales agent registered with the RSAC of Le Mans No. 938 294 600 Risk information available on the website www.georisques.gouv

The advertiser did not provide an english description for this listing.

This house, located in Arthezé, sits majestically on a vast 7,000 sqm plot. A true haven of peace, this property immediately captivates with its generous proportions and elegant architecture, offering an idyllic lifestyle close to nature, just minutes from Malicorne-sur-Sarthe and with easy access to the motorway. The entrance opens onto a spacious, light-filled living room thanks to large bay windows that open onto the outside. The modern, fully equipped open-plan kitchen blends seamlessly into this welcoming space. The ground floor also includes two bedrooms and a contemporary shower room, ensuring optimal comfort. Upstairs, the open staircase leads to three further bright bedrooms and a large, attic-style living room, perfect for relaxation, enhanced by warm parquet flooring and high ceilings. Outside, the garden offers an unobstructed and breathtaking view of the Sarthe countryside. A beautiful terrace extends the interior living spaces, perfect for enjoying time with family and friends on sunny days. A double garage completes the amenities of this property, ideal for those who appreciate peace and quiet and wide open spaces while remaining connected to main roads and local conveniences. This rare property perfectly embodies the region's unique real estate, combining character, potential for renovation, and modern features. ENERGY RATING: C CLIMATE RATING: A Estimated annual energy costs for standard use: between EUR2,046 and EUR2,768 Contact: Noémie FOURNIER 33 6 29 52 22 81 The seller pays the agency fees. Information on the risks to which this property is exposed is available on the Géorisques website: www.georisques.gouv.fr

Dominique KASBY offers you: A Contemporary Haven of Peace: Located in a privileged and quiet residential area, this recent property with its resolutely modern architecture redefines the standards of current comfort.A Bright and Refined Interior As soon as you enter, you will be seduced by the vast reception spaces flooded with light thanks to imposing bay windows. The modern kitchen, fully equipped and fitted with high-quality materials, invites conviviality and serves as the true heart of the home.The sleeping area has been designed for the intimacy and comfort of everyone: 4 master suites, including one on the ground floor, offering independence and high-end amenities. Careful finishes and a clean design in every room.A Nature Gem of 3900 m² The outdoor extension is just as spectacular. The living space opens onto a magnificent landscaped park, a true Eden garden enhanced by a body of water that brings a touch of magic and freshness to the whole.Key Features: Surface and Park: 4900 m² of meticulously maintained land. Comfort: Double garage and high-quality amenities. Environment: Idyllic setting, Olympic calm, no nuisance.Combining modernity, elegance, and absolute comfort, this property is a rare opportunity for buyers seeking a unique living space. Just a few minutes from Le Mans and major attractions such as the famous 24 Hours of Le Mans Circuit and the European Horse Center (Boulerie Jump)? Access to the highway is 10 minutes away. Le Mans train station is 15 minutes away (55 minutes to Paris by TGV). Additional advantage: the property is sold fully furnished, allowing for immediate installation in a harmonious and refined setting.Confidential file and information available only by phone contact. PRICE 848,000 euros fees included, charged to the buyer at 6% including VAT, i.e., net seller price 800,000 euros. DPE A GES A Estimated annual energy expenses for standard use between 740 and 1080 euros indexed to the years 2021, 2022, and 2023. Information on the risks to which this property is exposed is available on the Geo-risks website: www.georisques.gouv.fr. According to Article L.561.5 of the Monetary and Financial Code, a piece of identification will be requested for the organization of the visit. To visit and assist you with your project, contact Dominique KASBY at 0682904180 or by email at [email protected]. This announcement was drafted under the editorial responsibility of Dominique KASBY acting as a commercial agent registered with the RSAC DU MANS 429118813 with PAUL PARKER PROPERTIES, located at 10 rue du Colisée 75008 PARIS, a brand of SAS PROPRIETES PRIVEES, a national real estate network with a capital of 40,000 euros, RCS NANTES no. 487 624 777, Professional card T and G no. CPI 4401 2016 000 010 388 CCI Nantes, GARANTEE GALIAN, 89 rue La Boétie, 75008 Paris. Mandate 449014 (6.00% fees including tax charged to the buyer.)Dominique KASBY (EI) Commercial Agent - RSAC Number: - .This description has been automatically translated from French.

OLD SCHOOL FROM 1820 IN THE HEART OF THE VILLAGEColdwell Banker Val Property offers you for sale this beautiful property located in the heart of a charming Sarthois commune, 20 km from Le Mans and only 7 km from Ecommoy and the A28. Ideally situated, it is close to all amenities, restaurants, and shops.This old school has been renovated over time, blending old materials with modern touches. You will find terracotta floors, various tiles, and beautiful wooden floors. The house offers spacious living areas with its large dining room/open kitchen, and a relaxation lounge that can easily be transformed into a ground-floor bedroom with a shower according to needs.On the first floor, there is a landing leading to four bedrooms and a shower room. The second floor offers a large attic space ready to be converted to develop about 70 m² of additional surface area.The big plus of this house is that the ground floor offers an additional space that can be completely independent. Indeed, access allows you to enjoy a complete renovation of a bedroom, a living area, a recent kitchen, and a shower room. Perfect for rental or a space for a teenager!The property also includes a workshop to renovate and a laundry room, as well as an outbuilding to store your gardening tools.The garden located at the back of the house will allow you to enjoy lovely relaxing moments with family and friends!Visit our website for more information and photos.Fees to be borne by the buyer.Information on the risks to which this property is exposed is available on the Géorisques website: www.georisques.gouv.fr

Between Le Mans and Angers, this former mill offers approximately 290 sq m of living space on a landscaped plot of 2,877 sq m, complete with a swimming pool. Bathed in light and opening onto the river, the property captivates with its generous proportions, excellent condition, and the charm of a preserved heritage combined with the comfort of a family home. The reception areas include a spacious living room of over 60 sq m, a dining room, a separate kitchen, and a second sitting room providing access to the upper floors. Fireplaces, exposed stonework, terracotta tiles, and original beams create a warm atmosphere, enhanced by large windows offering a constant view of the river. Two terraces, directly accessible from the living areas, overlook the Sarthe River and seamlessly extend the living space. The sleeping quarters comprise four bedrooms, including a large suite with a dressing room and ensuite bathroom. A vast attic completes the upper levels. On the lower level, the mill reveals its history through its millstone, its original machinery, and its impressive dimensions. These spaces represent a rare industrial heritage and offer multiple possibilities: gallery, artist's studio, reception areas, or any other project that highlights the exceptional character of the site. In addition, there is a separate former gatehouse of approximately 95 sq m, comprising four rooms on two levels. In need of renovation, it offers excellent potential for creating a self-contained dwelling, a guest house, a gîte, or developing a personal project. Located in the heart of the village, the property benefits from a prime location, with shops, services, and schools within easy walking distance via charming alleyways. The nearby train station provides access to Le Mans and its TGV station in about twenty minutes. A rare place where heritage, architecture, and nature combine to offer a unique lifestyle in harmony with the rhythm of the river. Energy Rating: E / Climate Rating: E. Estimated annual energy costs for standard use: between EUR4,180 and EUR57,000 indexed as of January 1, 2021 (including subscription). Fees payable by the seller. Contact EI: Sylvie TOLMONT: 33 6 38 55 80 20. Sales agent registered with the RSAC of Le Mans No. 938 294 600. Information on risks is available on the website www.georisques.gouv.fr

Located in a quiet village in southern Sarthe, ideally connected to the vibrant cities of Tours, Angers, and Le Mans, this former bourgeois villa from the early 20th century offers 165 sq m of living space nestled in lush greenery. This unique property, typical of character homes thanks to its authenticity, immediately impresses with its verdant setting and colorful brick facades, promising a poetic and bucolic lifestyle. The ground floor opens onto a spacious living area with a double lounge and dining room, where the original parquet flooring and a warm wood-burning stove create a cozy atmosphere. This is complemented by an intimate, semi-open kitchen that opens onto a charming little shaded terrace beneath a wisteria, as well as a bathroom. A beautiful wooden staircase leads to the first floor, dedicated to the sleeping area with two generously sized bedrooms, one of which opens onto a tranquil suspended terrace overlooking the garden. An office and a powder room complete this level, which could easily be transformed into a contemporary suite. The top floor reveals a stunning, fully renovated attic space, where exposed beams blend seamlessly with a vast, workshop-style glass roof and a romantic oeil-de-boeuf window facing the church steeple. The landscaped grounds, a true hidden gem bisected by a stream, feature a beautiful small glass-enclosed orangery, a delightful wooded garden, a woodshed, and a garage. At the rear of the property, two buildings from a former coffee roastery offer exceptional potential for conversion into a studio apartment or Airbnb, complete with a natural water feature. A timeless and truly inspiring place, awaiting its new owners to write the next chapter of its story. ENERGY RATING: E / CLIMATE RATING: E. Estimated average annual energy costs for standard use, based on energy prices for the year, are between EUR4,060 and EUR5,560. Contact: Romane BLIN at 33 6 87 61 30 66. Sales agent registered with the RSAC of Le Mans under number 939 119 145. The seller pays the agency fees. Information on the risks to which this property is exposed is available on the Géorisques website for the relevant areas: www.georisques.gouv.fr

Your real estate agency, but not just that, offers this house located in Montval-sur-Loir, providing approximately 206 m² of living space on a large plot of 4,265 m², in a calm and pleasant environment.This house consists of 7 rooms with beautiful volumes, offering many layout possibilities to accommodate a family or create a spacious and comfortable living project. The living spaces are bright and functional, allowing for personalization according to your wishes.Outside, you will enjoy a vast garden, ideal for family relaxation, outdoor meals, or even for imagining the installation of a swimming pool. The property also has practical annexes, including an independent workshop of 17 m², perfect for DIY or storage, as well as a cellar of 18 m².This property offers great potential and a pleasant living environment, to be discovered without delay.IMMO MAIS PAS QUE - 73, rue Aristide Briand - 72500 MONTVAL SUR LOIR - 02.52.50.00.27Fees payable by the seller. Energy class E, Climate class E Average estimated annual energy expenditure for standard use, based on energy prices from the year 2021: between €3,853.00 and €5,214.00. Information on the risks to which this property is exposed is available on the Géorisques website: georisques.gouv.fr.This description has been automatically translated from French.